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chronologiesall The road to war 1968–1974 The Lebanese war 1975–1990 After the war 1991–2005 July 2006, as the books tell it 2006 Since 2005 2005–2025

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16 entries on 15 dates · the books disagree on 16

October 1978

Tuesday, 3 October 1978

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

France took the initiative of a cease-fire in Beirut and suggested the repositioning of the Arab Strike Force, as well as the interposition of a Lebanese Force between the belligerents.

Other date in the books: Monday, 16 October 1978

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January 1981

Saturday, 3 January 1981

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

After its withdrawal from Ain El Remmaneh on October 31, 1980 the Army repositioned on the main road axes in the region.

What the books addDates differ. De Clerck and Malsagne's chronology has the Lebanese Forces controlling East Beirut from 31 October 1980. Ménargues puts the LF's 48-hour assault on Ain al-Remmaneh, held by Elias Hannouche's Chamounists, ten days after the 10 November car bombs, around 20 November 1980.

Other dates in the books: Friday, 31 October 1980, Thursday, 20 November 1980

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April 1981

Sunday, 5 April 1981

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Israel says it will not stand by over Zahleh; the US Secretary of State is in Jerusalem.
Haig reached Jerusalem on his first official visit as Secretary of State and discussed Lebanon at length with Begin. Hours earlier, leaving a cabinet meeting almost wholly on Lebanon, Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir had said Israel could not stay passive.

Sources differ: Hanf attributes the 'will not stand by' statement to Begin; Ménargues to Shamir.

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June 1982

Thursday, 3 June 1982

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The Israeli ambassador in London, Shlomo Argov, is shot and gravely wounded.
Abu Nidal's dissident group, hostile to the PLO leadership, carried out the shooting, which Arafat condemned. Israel used it as the pretext for bombing Beirut the next day and for the invasion. De Clerck and Malsagne cite Ronen Bergman, who attributes the London attack to the Mossad.

Sources differ: Bergman's attribution to the Mossad, reported by de Clerck and Malsagne, is not shared by the other books.

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July 1982

Saturday, 3 July 1982

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

While waiting for the PLO's response to the Israeli conditions, West Beirut was under a tight blockade.

Other date in the books: Friday, 2 July 1982

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

More than 100,000 Israelis demonstrate in Tel Aviv against the war.
The demonstration, which called for negotiations with the Palestinians, was organised by a 'Committee against the war in Lebanon' set up at the end of June. Before that, also at the end of June, thousands had demonstrated outside Begin's home while the cabinet met.

Sources differ: Ménargues dates the protest outside Begin's home to 'Sunday 28 June'; 28 June 1982 was a Monday.

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April 1987

Sunday, 5 April 1987

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

An agreement was concluded between the National Palestinian Salvation Front and the Amal movement under the aegis of Ghazi Kanaan. This agreement stipulated a global cease-fire and the end of the camps' blockade in Beirut

What the books addUnder the 5 April accord, reached by Amal, the PLO and the pro-Syrian Palestinian National Salvation Front with the Syrian general Ghazi Kanaan present, the blockade was to be lifted, the wounded taken out and the PLO was to leave three villages near Sidon. Food and medicine then reached Chatila and Bourj al-Barajneh, the first since March. Picard dates the end of the siege to an Amal-Palestinian agreement of 11 September 1987; Hanf has Amal lifting the blockade only on 18 January 1988.

Other dates in the books: Friday, 11 September 1987, Monday, 18 January 1988

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June 1987

Friday, 5 June 1987

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

A general strike paralyses the country for five days.
A general strike, part of the CGTL's drive for peace and an economic rescue plan, shut the country down for close to five days.

Sources differ: Hanf lists CGTL political strikes in 1987 for April, July, August, September and November, but none in June. The strike began four days after Karami's assassination, on the day Husseini resigned (original entry 1003).

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April 1988

Tuesday, 5 April 1988

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The Amal-Hezbollah war begins in the south.
Amal launched an offensive to disarm Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Brief fighting, notably at Nabatiyeh and Ghaziyeh, went Amal's way, and armed Hezbollah fighters vanished from view there. A three-phase 'war of brothers' had begun, lasting until November 1990.

Sources differ: Existing entry 1068 dates the fall of Nabatiyeh to Amal to 6 April. Picard's chronology gives 28 November 1988 for the beginning of Amal-Hezbollah clashes. The Confluences article is by the same authors as de Clerck's book.

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March 1989

Friday, 3 March 1989

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

General Aoun orders a naval blockade of the militia ports of Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai.
Aoun had the navy and helicopter units close Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai, ports the PSP and Amal had kept, though Syria had officially warned him off militias beyond his own area. Frangieh's Marada had given Selaata port to the army.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne date the closure order to 6 March (see entry 1129).

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May 1989

Wednesday, 3 May 1989

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Lakhdar Ibrahimi, General Secretary of the Arab League, arrives in Beirut looking to find a diplomatic solution to the crisis.

What the books addLakhdar Brahimi was Deputy (assistant) Secretary-General of the Arab League, not its Secretary-General. After the Casablanca summit he headed the troika's secretariat in Jeddah.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 23 May 1989

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July 1989

Wednesday, 5 July 1989

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

In a joint declaration from Paris, Presidents Mitterand and Gorbatchev call for an immediate cease-fire.

What the books addHanf dates a joint declaration by Presidents Gorbachev and Mitterrand on Lebanon, welcoming the Arab troika's efforts, to 5 June 1989.

Other date in the books: Monday, 5 June 1989

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February 1990

Saturday, 3 February 1990

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

February 3, 4
The army takes control of Dbayeh after a tough battle.

What the books addHanf: the army's counter-offensive of 6 February 1990 reached the coast near Antelias and took Dbayeh, home to Lebanese Forces barracks and the militia's finance department.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 6 February 1990

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April 1990

Tuesday, 3 April 1990

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The chief of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea, joins President Hraoui, while General Michel Aoun turns to the Arab Troika. At the same time, the N.L.P. withdraws from the commandment of the Lebanese Forces.

What the books addHanf: Hrawi made unconditional acceptance of Taif the price of help when Geagea, after losing Ain al-Rummaneh, turned to the 'legal authorities' (Hrawi and the Hoss government) and passed four captured Fouga-Magister aircraft to General Lahoud's Qlayaat base. Aoun, low on fuel and ammunition, was supplied by the SSNP and Hobeika's pro-Syrian militia (Hanf); de Clerck and Malsagne also name Frangieh and Jumblatt.

Other date in the books: Friday, 16 February 1990

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November 1990

Monday, 5 November 1990

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Damascus agreement between the Hezbollah and Amal is a copy of the one agreed upon on January 30th 1989. The cease-fire takes effect in the Iqlim-el-Touffah.

What the books addSources differ on dates. Picard has Damascus and Tehran imposing an Amal–Hezbollah ceasefire on 6 November 1990; de Clerck and Malsagne date the inter-Shi'i accord signed in Damascus to 9 November and, with Aoun's fall, treat it as formally ending the 'civil' war. Hanf says both movements withdrew their fighters from Iqlim al-Tuffah after drawn-out Syrian and Iranian mediation. That final round began in December 1989 (de Clerck and Malsagne, Confluences) or, in Hezbollah's official version, in July 1990, with an Amal siege of nearly 100 days.

Other dates in the books: Tuesday, 6 November 1990, Friday, 9 November 1990

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December 1990

Wednesday, 5 December 1990

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Lebanese Army controls the port of Beirut and the 5th dock is closed to the maritime traffic.

What the books addHanf says 300 Lebanese Forces militiamen stayed at Karantina and the port after the December 1990 withdrawal, and dates the army's entry into the Fifth Basin and other militia ports to 11 March 1991.

Other dates in the books: Monday, 3 December 1990, Monday, 11 March 1991

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