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chronologiesallThe road to war 1968–1974 The Lebanese war 1975–1990 After the war 1991–2005 July 2006, as the books tell it 2006 Since 2005 2005–2025

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24 entries on 24 dates · the books disagree on 24

February 1979

Monday, 12 February 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Brian Urqhart, the assistant Secretary General of the United Nations, examined with Lebanese officials the modalities of the Army's deployment in the South next to the UNIFL Israel nevertheless rejected the program.

Other date in the books: Wednesday, 18 April 1979

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Wednesday, 14 February 1979

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Revolution in Iran: Lebanon's Shi'is find a patron abroad.
Iran became an Islamic Republic after the Shah's overthrow; its new defence minister, Mustapha Chamran, had directed a technical school in south Lebanon founded by Sadr. With Musa al-Sadr's disappearance in Libya, the revolution quickly mobilised the Shi'is of Beirut and the south and gave Amal fresh strength.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne give 14 February 1979 for the birth of the Islamic Republic; Hanf and Traboulsi date the overthrow of the Shah to January 1979. These may be different stages of the revolution.

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March 1979

Tuesday, 13 March 1979

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Parliament adopts a law to rebuild the army and send it south.
The new defence law set up a Higher Defence Council and a Military Council, allocated military posts by sect among the six main communities, allowed the army to be used only with national consensus, and planned its deployment to the UNIFIL area in the south.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne give 13 March 1979 in their text and 13 May in their chronology, where the entry sits between February and March, so 13 May is probably a slip. Picard gives March 1979.

Other dates in the books: Wednesday, 18 April 1979, Sunday, 13 May 1979

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Monday, 26 March 1979

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty; the Lebanese balance shifts.
In Lebanon the Israeli-Egyptian treaty, signed in Washington, had deep effects. The Lebanese Forces strengthened their cooperation with Israel, and Syria moved closer to the PLO, letting it return in 1979 to its earlier positions south of Beirut. For Traboulsi, the peace process undermined the Sarkis regime.

Sources differ: Traboulsi and Picard give the month only; de Clerck and Malsagne give 26 March.

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April 1979

Sunday, 22 April 1979

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Attack on Nahariya; Israeli officers set up a secret bombing front in Lebanon.
Senior Israeli officers answered a Palestinian raid on Nahariya, in northern Israel, by creating the 'Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners', manned by Lebanese of several communities. Up to 1983 its bombs killed hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinians, civilians and fighters alike. Prime Minister Begin was told of it only in June 1980.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne attribute the Nahariya attack to the PFLP.

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May 1979

Tuesday, 15 May 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Phalange Party and the LNP merged under the sign of cooperation with the State.

What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the start of the fighting between Kataeb and National Liberal Party militias to 12 May 1979, at Furn el-Chebbak; clashes recurred in various places until July 1980.

Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 May 1979

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May 1979: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Clashes between the Kataeb and the Armenian Tashnag militia.
Refusing to pay the Christian militias' levies, the militia of the Armenian Tashnag party, which had largely kept out of the 1975-76 war, clashed briefly with the Kataeb. Fighting resumed later in the year before the dispute was settled.

Sources differ: Hanf gives May and September 1979 (the original has a clash on 11 September); de Clerck and Malsagne give November.

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June 1979

Saturday, 16 June 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

After murderous combats, the Lebanese authorities decided to send the army to Ain el Remmane at the beginning of the week.

What the books addBashir Gemayel's men fought a bloody battle with army units sent, at Pierre Gemayel's and Camille Chamoun's request, to separate the Kataeb and National Liberal militias, at war since 12 May. De Clerck and Malsagne call it the first serious armed clash between the army and a Lebanese militia, dating it once to 14 June and once to 18 June.

Other dates in the books: Saturday, 12 May 1979, Monday, 18 June 1979

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Monday, 18 June 1979

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The army enters Ain al-Rummaneh and clashes with Bashir Gemayel's militiamen.
Unable to stop the fighting between their own militias, Pierre Gemayel and Camille Chamoun turned to President Sarkis, who sent in the army. In Ain al-Rummaneh the troops clashed bloodily with Bashir Gemayel's Kataeb fighters, the first serious confrontation between the army and a Lebanese militia, and relations between the army and the Lebanese Forces worsened thereafter.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne put the Ain al-Rummaneh turning point on 18 June (p. 275) but have the army called in on 14 June in another passage (p. 321). Original entry 272, of 16 June, expected the army to move in early the following week, which fits Monday 18 June.

Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 May 1979

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August 1979

Tuesday, 14 August 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Tension reached its peak everywhere in Lebanon.
Heavy fights opposed the Lebanese Forces to the Lebanese army at the Beirut River's Corniche and in Oyoune el Simane.

Other date in the books: Monday, 18 June 1979

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Friday, 31 August 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

On the occasion of the first anniversary of the disappearance of Imam Moussa Sadr, a general strike paralyzed Beirut. For the first time Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi chamseddine accused the Libyans of his disappearance.

Other date in the books: Friday, 25 August 1978

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September 1979

Saturday, 22 September 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

President Elias Sarkis delivered an important speech, in which he emphasized the overriding role the army should play. Without it 'the State will be a body with no soul', he said. He insisted that the Arabs should stop to shilly-shally about Southern Lebanon.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 13 March 1979

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October 1979

Tuesday, 23 October 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Phalangist elements and the LNP fought in Beit Mery.

Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 May 1979

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Saturday, 27 October 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

A car bomb exploded in basta, next to the office of the Army of Arabic Lebanon provoking 8 deaths and 32 injuries. The attack was followed by a strike in West Beirut.

Other date in the books: Sunday, 22 April 1979

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November 1979

Monday, 12 November 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The work document that Lebanon was going to present in Tunis, contained 6 main points: exercising pressure on the United States to end Israeli aggressions, freezing the actions of the Fedayin, laying the Lebanese authority in the South, banning any illegal armed presence, re-activating the Beiteddine Committee, and grouping guerillas in some specified zones.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 20 November 1979

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Friday, 23 November 1979

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Tunis summit was disappointing. Lebanon received only a solemn proclamation of support doubled by a financial assistance up to 2 billion dollars, but the Southern Lebanon problem remained unsolved, the summit having just called the State and the resistance to get along.

What the books addThe Arab summit met in Tunis from 20 to 22 November 1979.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 20 November 1979

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March 2000

Sunday, 5 March 2000

After the war · From the books

Israel's cabinet decides on a unilateral withdrawal from the south.
Barak's plan set 7 July 2000 for leaving the 'security zone'. Beirut, deferring to a stalled Damascus, prepared nothing.

Sources differ: Cabinet decision on 5 March (Abirached); Picard places Barak's announcement in April.

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March 2000: day not established

After the war · From the books

The Clinton-Assad summit in Geneva fails.
After the Geneva summit failed, Barak announced that Israel would leave the south entirely, with or without an agreement. Mermier sees the Syrian–Lebanese track of talks with Israel ending there; Picard argues that Damascus lost the international latitude it had enjoyed over Lebanon.

Sources differ: February (Picard 2002), March (Picard 2016; 33 jours p. 210) or April 2000 (33 jours p. 176). March has the most support.

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May 2000

Wednesday, 24 May 2000

After the war · From the books

Israel ends its occupation of southern Lebanon.
Israel pulled out overnight on 23–24 May as the South Lebanon Army, deserting since early May, collapsed. Villagers streamed home, crowds forced open the Khiam jail and several thousand SLA men and relatives left for Israel. The Shebaa Farms, the Kfarshuba hills and Lebanon's part of Ghajar stayed occupied.

Sources differ: 24 May (Abirached, Tarraf; Picard: night of 23–24) or 25 May (de Clerck and Malsagne, book and article). Occupation lasted 18 years (from 1982, de Clerck and Malsagne) or 22 years (from 1978, Abirached).

Other date in the books: Thursday, 25 May 2000

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June 2000

June 2000: day not established

After the war · From the books

Hafez al-Assad dies; his son Bashar succeeds him.
Hafez al-Assad's death in June 2000, a month after Israel quit the south, briefly allowed freer criticism of Syria's presence in Lebanon.

Sources differ: June 2000 (Haugbolle, Picard 2016 ch. IV), May 2000 (Picard 2016 ch. V) or 10 June 2001 (Picard 2002, clearly a misprint for 2000).

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July 2000

Sunday, 30 July 2000

After the war · From the books

Lahoud says the army's role in the south will be defined 'in due course'.
Lahoud's Army Day speech left the army's role undefined, so no national strategy emerged; the government called Hezbollah's continuing fight a 'national struggle'.

Sources differ: 30 July (Picard 2002) or 29 July (Picard 2016).

Other date in the books: Saturday, 29 July 2000

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October 2000

Thursday, 26 October 2000

After the war · From the books

Rafiq Hariri forms a new thirty-member cabinet.
Hariri regained the premiership after the 2000 elections, but the hopes that had greeted him in 1992 were gone.

Sources differ: September 2000 (Quéméner) against October (Picard, Abirached).

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October 2000: day not established

After the war · From the books

The Maronite bishops openly criticise Syria.
The bishops' open criticism of Syria echoed protests by Aoun's followers and ex-Lebanese Forces members; Picard sees clergy now contesting Syria's armed presence.

Sources differ: Picard dates the bishops' communiqué to October 2000.

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December 2002

December 2002: day not established

After the war · From the books

Rustom Ghazaleh replaces Ghazi Kanaan as Syria's intelligence chief in Lebanon.
Kanaan had ruled from Anjar since 1982, vetting candidates and shaping the 2000 electoral map; his recall signalled Bashar al-Assad's tighter grip on Lebanon. Ghazaleh, his replacement, was implicated in Al-Madina bank's 2003 collapse.

Sources differ: Farewell ceremony 9 October 2002 versus replacement in December 2002.

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