167 entries on 152 dates · the books disagree on 30
dates 1–60 of 152 next
January 1984
Monday, 2 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The year started like the previous one ended : everyone was talking about a new security plan for the mountain and the Southern suburbs of Beirut. Nevertheless, the fights continued intermittently in these regions between the Army and the Lebanese Forces on one side and the Progressive Socialist Party and Amal on the other.
What the books addOn 29 January the Druze resumed attacking the army at Souk al-Gharb, after Shi'i militia sniping at the army and French troops from mid-January, Hanf's next escalation.
Other date in the books: Sunday, 29 January 1984
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Wednesday, 4 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A double Israeli raid in the region of Baalbeck caused tens of victims and buried many persons under the debris. In Beirut, the electric power was severely rationed by the EDL due to damaged installations in the Iqlim El Kharroub. The acts of resistance against the Israeli occupation continued in South Lebanon. Until the end of 1984, not a single day passed without one, two or three killing attempts perpetrated against Israeli troops or the local militias that they created.
What the books addCounts of attacks on the Israeli army vary by source and period: Fisk reports 15 ambushes a week on average by February 1984 and a hundred attacks in December 1984; de Clerck and Malsagne put suicide attacks at about a hundred a month in 1984.
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Monday, 9 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An anti-French killing attempt at the Résidence des Pins killed a paratrooper and wounded two others. Attacks against US and French troops of the Multinational Force continued until their departure in March.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The New Jersey shells pro-Syrian positions after Syrian and Druze guns fire at US planes.
The battleship New Jersey shelled pro-Syrian positions in response to an attack on American reconnaissance aircraft by Soviet-supplied Syrian and Druze anti-aircraft batteries.
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Thursday, 12 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
One person was killed and many others were wounded in Achrafieh in a blind bombardment of residential areas. These bombings continued until July 4, causing thousands of deaths and injuries. Meanwhile, the dollar broke a new record in Beirut, reaching 5.55 LP.
What the books addSources differ on when the shelling stopped: the original entry has it continuing until the security plan of 4 July, while de Clerck and Malsagne date the systematic bombardment of Christian residential districts from the 17 May 1983 agreement to its abrogation on 5 March 1984.
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Sunday, 15 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Ships from the sixth US fleet were positioned off Beirut. They were retaliating to the bombing of Marines' headquarters in the capital.
Other date in the books: Monday, 9 January 1984
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Monday, 16 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Saad Haddad, commander of the Army of Free Lebanon, died from a generalized cancer. He was 47 years old and was buried in his birthplace, Marjeyoun.
What the books addSources disagree on the date of Saad Haddad's death: Ménargues gives 13 January 1984; Hanf and Fisk give January 1984; de Clerck and Malsagne give December 1983. No supplied book gives 16 January. Ménargues also gives his birth year as 1937 and his origin as Marjayoun, consistent with the age stated here.
Other date in the books: Friday, 13 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Blind bombardments killed 16 persons and wounded 75 others in Beirut. Anxiety and fear prevailed. Schools and hospitals received their daily lot of bombs, amid international indifference. Panic reached the Lebanese stock exchange market where the Dollar amounted almost for six Lebanese Pounds.
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Wednesday, 18 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the killing attempt that cost the life of Malcolm Kerr, President of the American University in Beirut, shot in front of his office.
What the books addHanf writes that Kerr was murdered by unknown assailants; Fisk says he was shot in the head by 'Islamic Jihad' on campus. De Clerck and Malsagne give 18 January 1984 in one chapter but list the murder among the reverses of 1983 in another. The wording 'killing attempt' understates it: Kerr was killed.
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Sunday, 22 January 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Walid Joumblatt, president of the Progressive Socialist Party, requested the resignation of the Lebanese government.
What the books addHanf: Gemayel had undertaken at Geneva to negotiate a new agreement with Israel and had not; for that, Jumblatt and Berri demanded he resign at the end of January. Traboulsi cites Jumblatt, early in 1984, vowing to fight on until Gemayel's government went. Neither confirms the day, 22 January.
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Wednesday, 25 January 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Kfar Rumman's pro-Israeli militia leader is shot dead.
Attacks on Israeli troops and their collaborators were mounting when, on 25 January 1984, Kfar Rumman's pro-Israeli militia chief, Mohamed Atef Farhat, was shot dead near his home.
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Sunday, 29 January 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Druze attack the army at Souk al-Gharb in a new offensive.
The army had held Souk al-Gharb since September 1983, keeping the Druze from Baabda and East Beirut; now they opened a fresh offensive on it.
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January 1984: day not established
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Israeli troops bulldoze Sheikh Abbas Harb's house in Hallousiyeh.
Israeli troops arrested Sheikh Abbas Harb of Hallousiyeh and bulldozed his house, accusing him of steering young men towards 'terrorist organisations'.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
An American academic and a French engineer are kidnapped in Beirut.
Amal gunmen freed the American academic Frank Regier and the French engineer Christian Joubert from 'Islamic Jihad' two months after their kidnapping in January 1984.
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February 1984
Wednesday, 1 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The army tries to push into Beirut's southern suburbs.
To sever the link between West Beirut's Shi'i militias and the Chouf Druze, the army set out on 1 February to push into the southern suburbs. Fisk, at Galerie Semaan, found soldiers and Phalangists fighting side by side against Shi'i militiamen in the Bourj al-Barajneh slums.
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Thursday, 2 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The schools closed their doors in the Eastern sector of the capital due to the blind shelling of Beirut and its suburbs.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 1 February 1984
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Sunday, 5 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
President Gemayel announced his intention to form a national union government and presented a program of 8 points to save the country. He also convoked a new conference for national reconciliation in Geneva on February 27. The resignation of the Wazzan government presented on September 26, 1983, was finally accepted.
What the books addIn Fisk's account Wazzan submitted his resignation that day, insisting it be accepted at once. This looks like a fresh resignation rather than acceptance of the one tendered on 26 September 1983, though Fisk also has the cabinet resigning in September 1983. Hanf has Berri appealing to Shi'i soldiers not to fire on their own people on the day the army began shelling the southern suburbs, at heavy civilian cost.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The army shells the southern suburbs; Berri calls on Shi'i soldiers not to fire.
Nabih Berri, saying he could no longer work with Gemayel, urged Shi'i soldiers not to fire on their own community as army shelling of southern Beirut took a heavy civilian toll. That afternoon on the airport road Fisk saw soldiers leave three tanks and go into the suburbs on foot.
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Monday, 6 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
In a matter of hours, Amal took control over West Beirut. The capital was heavily bombed, while the Army gave up the control of the Western sector of the Capital to Amal and to the Islamic militias.
What the books addThe books describe a joint Amal and PSP (Druze) offensive, not Amal alone; the mainly Shi'i Sixth Brigade went over to Amal. Hanf dates the last Christian soldiers' withdrawal to the east, and so the completed division, to 7 February. De Clerck and Malsagne record the uprising's name, 'the 6 February movement'. About 50,000 Christians moved east, almost half the public radio's 400 staff left their posts, and Télé-Liban split. A later Sunni militia took its name from the date (Hanf).
Art and memory- place The 6 February 1984 uprising gave its name to a later Sunni militia in West Beirut, the 'Sixth of February Movement'.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Army units loyal to Gemayel shell West Beirut through the night.
On the night of 6 February, with West Beirut in militia hands, Gemayel's loyal army units, all Christian, shelled it with new US-bought artillery; Fisk counts almost a hundred civilians dead.
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Tuesday, 7 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Beirut is divided again; Washington announces the Marines' 'redeployment' to the ships.
Beirut was split along the Green Line again on 7 February as the last regular troops in West Beirut, mostly Christians, pulled back east; Hanf notes that the Lebanese had never before divided their capital themselves. Washington said that day the Marines would 'redeploy' to ships offshore.
Sources differ: Hanf treats 7 February as the date of the army's collapse; de Clerck and Malsagne and the original (733) use 6 February.
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Wednesday, 8 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The ' New Jersey ', the most powerful battleship in the world from the 6 US fleet, bombed for several hours anti-governmental positions in the mountain.
What the books addDruze militiamen in Tibiyat, east of Beirut, visited by Fisk on 13 February, said the New Jersey's shelling of the Metn and Chouf foothills had killed 24 civilians and wounded 115 (their figures). De Clerck and Malsagne note the ship's frequent misses and its Arabic nickname 'New Jersa' ('new shame').
Art and memory- testimony On 13 February 1984 Fisk heard survivors in the Druze village of Tibiyat describe the New Jersey's shelling; his own archive held a large fragment of one of its shells.
Other date in the books: Monday, 13 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The British MNF contingent leaves Beirut.
Sailing from Jounieh, the British were the first Multinational Force contingent to go; Fisk says they abandoned two military trucks on the quay and told their partners nothing.
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Saturday, 11 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
French porpoises and Internal Security forces took in charge the Museum crossing point.
What the books add'Porpoises' is a literal rendering of the French 'marsouins', the nickname of the French marine infantry (troupes de marine).
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Tuesday, 14 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Amal and PSP met in Khaldeh, while only Souk El Gharb was still controlled by the Army in the mountain.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne give 14 February 1984 for the PSP's capture of the Chahhar district, part of a week-long uprising in Beirut and the mountain.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 15 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The PSP takes the Chahhar.
During the week-long February uprising in Beirut and the mountain, the Druze PSP took the Chahhar district.
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Wednesday, 15 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Mechref and Damour fell under the control of the PSP, while violent combats raged around Souk El Gharb, the last obstacle in the mountain.
What the books addHanf counts some 15,000 Christian civilians leaving the coastal Chouf for Israeli-occupied territory; Mechref is not named.
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Friday, 17 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Marines withdrew from Beirut. The Italian contingent of the Multinational Force was soon to follow. The capital was left on its own.
What the books addSources date the Marines' departure differently. Hanf: the US announced the 'redeployment' to the ships on 7 February. De Clerck and Malsagne: the evacuation ran from 7 to 26 February, and their chronology dates the MNF withdrawal 26 February - 31 March. Fisk: a last Marine detachment guarding the embassy left on 31 July 1984. The Italians left on 20 February (Hanf).
Art and memory- book Hanf cites Eric Hammel's The Root: The Marines in Beirut, August 1982 - February 1984 for the Marines' own verdict on their mission: of 200 interviewed, about half said it had achieved 'nothing'.
Other dates in the books: Tuesday, 7 February 1984, Tuesday, 31 July 1984
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Monday, 20 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Italian MNF contingent withdraws.
The Italian contingent left Beirut after seventeen months spent guarding Palestinian civilians.
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Sunday, 26 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The evacuation of the US Marines ends.
The withdrawal of the Marines, ordered by the White House and begun on 7 February, was completed. De Clerck and Malsagne's chronology dates the MNF's departure to 26 February-31 March.
Sources differ: The original (739) gives 17 February for the Marines' departure.
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Wednesday, 29 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
President Amine Gemayel visited Damascus. The observers expected a normalization soon after. Indeed, the Syrian President approved the opening of new round Israeli-Lebanese negotiations.
What the books addMénargues gives two different days for this visit: 24 February in his prologue and 26 February in another passage. Hanf and Fisk both give 29 February. Fisk notes a 21-gun salute; Hanf says Gemayel told Assad he was ready to abrogate the 17 May agreement.
Other dates in the books: Friday, 24 February 1984, Sunday, 26 February 1984
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late February 1984: day not established
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Sheikh Ragheb Harb is murdered in Jibchit.
Ragheb Harb, Jibchit's Shi'i imam, had urged no cooperation with the occupation; in late February he was shot from behind his garden wall. Israel's 'home guard' attacked men carrying his body round nearby villages.
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March 1984
Thursday, 1 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The USSR vetoes a UN force to replace the MNF.
A Soviet veto in the Security Council killed France's proposal for UN troops to replace the Multinational Force.
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Monday, 5 March 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Wazzan government met under the presidency of Gemayel and abrogated the Israeli-Lebanese agreement of May 17. A new reconciliation conference was to be held on the 12th of March in Lausanne.
What the books addTraboulsi notes Gemayel never signed the agreement, which his government formally repudiated.
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Wednesday, 7 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
CNN's Beirut bureau chief Jeremy Levin is kidnapped.
Kidnapped in West Beirut while going to work, Jeremy Levin escaped or was freed in February 1985.
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Monday, 12 March 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lausanne conference began and lasted until March 20. The observers considered it a camouflaged failure. The participants decided to execute a security plan, stop slanderous campaigns, create a constituent assembly, and resume the dialog under the patronage of the chief of State.
What the books addMost sources give 12-20 March 1984. Picard's main text gives April 1984 and Fisk says 'spring of 1983'. Traboulsi's chronology lists Lausanne under 1983. Hanf says the conference agreed on a ceasefire and a commission on the constitution, which may be what 'constituent assembly' refers to. He also says Frangieh blocked any radical reorganisation.
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Friday, 16 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
CIA Beirut station chief William Buckley is kidnapped.
William Buckley was abducted leaving his home in Raouche; officially a political attaché at the American embassy, he died in captivity in 1985.
Sources differ: Fisk contradicts himself: 'a week' after 7 March in one passage (about 14 March), May 1984 in another. De Clerck and Malsagne give 16 March, which agrees with Fisk's first account.
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Thursday, 22 March 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The PSP, backed up by Amal, forced the Mourabitun out of Beirut.
What the books addHanf dates the Mourabitoun's final destruction and Qulaylat's exile to April 1985, when Amal and the PSP combined against them.
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Sunday, 25 March 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
It was the French contingent's turn to leave Beirut while the Eastern regions remained the target of blind and murderous bombardments.
What the books addHanf and de Clerck and Malsagne date the departure of the last French MNF soldiers to 31 March 1984; 25 March may mark the start of the French withdrawal, which the books do not mention. France left soldiers in Beirut as ceasefire observers.
Other date in the books: Saturday, 31 March 1984
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Wednesday, 28 March 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
While a deluge of fire fell on residential areas killing 26 persons and wounding 148 others, 40 French observers arrived in Beirut to supervise the cease-fire. The high political and military committee created during the Lausanne conference held its first meeting in Baabda.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A raid on Jibchit by Israel's militia kills Khadija Atwi.
Khadija Abbas Atwi, 18, bled to death in Jibchit; her gravestone gives 28 March 1984. Militiamen sent in by Israeli troops to hunt 'terrorists' shot her and other villagers, women among them.
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Friday, 30 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The US Sixth Fleet leaves the waters off Beirut.
The US Sixth Fleet remained off Beirut until 30 March 1984, a month after the Marines had been evacuated between 7 and 26 February.
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Saturday, 31 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The last French soldiers of the Multinational Force leave Beirut.
France, first to arrive, withdrew its last MNF soldiers once every other contingent had gone; some stayed on as ceasefire observers.
Sources differ: The original (744) gives 25 March for the French departure.
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April 1984
Wednesday, 4 April 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The retired General Antoine Lahd took his functions as head of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) created and financed by Israel. This new militia replaced Saad Haddad's Army of Free Lebanon. Artillery duels continued in Beirut and in the mountain, making the month of April one of the worst months in the Lebanese crisis. In Tripoli, the confrontations between the Islamic Unification Movement and the Arab Democratic Party continued violently for several months.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the name 'South Lebanon Army' to April 1985; in 1984 Lahad took over Haddad's existing militia. Hanf says he was a Maronite general from the Chouf, close to Chamoun; de Clerck and Malsagne say he came from Kfar Qatra and had headed army intelligence. Hanf confirms that fighting in Tripoli flared again in 1984.
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Wednesday, 18 April 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The forces disengagement plan was to be applied on the demarcation line in Beirut, in the suburbs, and in the mountain. An interposition force of 1,8000 men and French observers would separate the fighters.
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Thursday, 19 April 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An agreement was signed during the new Assad-Gemayel summit in Damascus. It included the following points: forming a national union government, consolidating of the cease-fire, and reorganizing the Army.
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Monday, 30 April 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The new national union government was as follows: Rachid Karameh: President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs Adel Osseirane: Minister of Defense and Agriculture Nabih Berri: Minsiter of Hydroelectric resources and Justice Camille Chamoun: Minster of Finance, Housing, and Cooperatives Pierre Gemayel: Minster of Posts and Telecommunications, Health and Social Affairs. Walid Joumblatt: Minister of Public Works, and Tourism Selim Hoss: Minister of Labor and National Education Joseph Skaff: Minister of Information Abdallah Racy: Minister of Interior Victor Cassir: Minister of Economy and Trade and Minister of Industry and Oil
What the books addPicard dates the government to the beginning of May 1984. Portfolios differ by source: de Clerck and Malsagne give Jumblatt Public Works and Transport, Tourism, and a Ministry of State for Reconstruction and the South. Picard says the 'Ministry of the South' was created in 1984 for the Shi'is, that is, for Berri. Picard also counts Frangieh's son-in-law among the ministers.
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April 1984: day not established
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The PSP launches its radio, the 'Voice of the Mountain'.
The PSP went on air with its own station, the 'Voice of the Mountain', one of the militia radios that mixed propaganda with dollar exchange rates.
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May 1984
Tuesday, 1 May 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Pope John Paul II devotes three letters to Lebanon.
On 1 May 1984 John Paul II issued three letters about Lebanon, addressed to its people, the world's Catholic bishops and Maronite Patriarch Antoine Khoraiche. The Patriarch's letter faulted him for not uniting the Christians around reconciliation.
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Saturday, 5 May 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A new round of murderous violence killed 22 persons and wounded 107 others. The bombardments reached the Baabda Palace, forcing the organizers of a peace walk to express national dissatisfaction, to cancel the event.
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Monday, 14 May 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Greek Orthodox school of Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation in Achrafieh was bombed, killing one student and wounding 23 others. All schools were shut in protest against this barbarian act.
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May 1984: day not established
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The network of pro-Iranian Shi'i groups takes the name Hezbollah.
The name Hizb Allah (Party of God), with a flag and a slogan, was adopted in May 1984 by the pro-Iranian Shi'i factions and institutions Iran had united in early 1983. De Clerck and Malsagne say its existence was kept secret until February 1985.
Sources differ: Traboulsi's chronology places an 'official declaration' in 1984; de Clerck and Malsagne (in both the book and their Confluences article, so not independent) say it was only made public in February 1985.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Lebanese Forces open a liaison office in Jerusalem.
In June the Lebanese Forces denounced Amine Gemayel's rapprochement with Syria as 'heresy'; rejecting the end of the 17 May agreement, they had opened a Jerusalem liaison office.
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June 1984
Thursday, 7 June 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
It was impossible to put an end to the blind shelling. No one, neither a national union government, nor a 4-party military commission, was able to stop the bombardment of the residential areas which started 24 hours ago and had caused 5 dead and 37 injured persons so far.
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Thursday, 14 June 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Shin Bet agents kill an Amal official at Bidias.
Morshed Nahas, an Amal official, was shot dead in Bidias on 14 June 1984 by plain-clothes Shin Bet men carrying passes signed by an Israeli colonel. Israel said he resisted arrest; the Amal leader Daoud Daoud said he had been told to join its village militias.
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Saturday, 23 June 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
54 days after its formation, the Karameh government adopted a new security plan as well as a new defense law. A military council comprising six members was created and Michel Aoun was appointed commander in chief of the Army.
Michel Aoun was born in 1935 in Haret Hreik, in the Southern suburbs of Beirut. He started his military carrier in 1955 when he was 20 years old. He specialized in artillery, and accomplished several military trainings in France and the United States before spending 2 years, from 1978 to 1980, at the Ecole de Guerre (War Academy) in Paris. Back to Lebanon, he was promoted to corporal and, on the 24th of June 1984, he became commander in chief of the Army.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne give 23 June 1984 for Aoun's appointment, which contradicts the '24th of June' in the entry's own biography text. Hanf calls Aoun, commander of the Souk al-Gharb front, well liked by soldiers of both religions, and says the security plan was accepted only once the six-member command council was in place.
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June-July 1984: day not established
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Amal and Palestinians clash for the first time in Beirut's camps.
The War of the Camps opened with fighting between Amal and Palestinians inside Beirut's camps in June and July 1984.
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July 1984
Wednesday, 4 July 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Army was deployed in Greater Beirut. The crossing points were reopened, thus unifying the Eastern and Western sectors of the Capital.
What the books addHanf gives 3 July 1984 for the security plan's entry into force; this entry and entry 725 use 4 July. Hanf adds that the Green Line barricades were cleared at the end of July.
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 3 July 1984
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dates 1–60 of 152 next
