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chronologiesallThe road to war 1968–1974 The Lebanese war 1975–1990 After the war 1991–2005 July 2006, as the books tell it 2006 Since 2005 2005–2025

1999, 2001, 2012, 2016

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28 entries on 25 dates · the books disagree on 4

February 1999

February 1999: day not established

After the war · From the books

Students march into the occupied village of Arnoun.
In February 1999 dozens of students led by Communists briefly 'liberated' the Israeli-held village; for Picard, proof that public opinion now carried real weight.

After the war · From the books

The state recovers the Beiteddine palace from Walid Jumblatt.
Under Syrian pressure Jumblatt let the palace resume its role as presidential summer residence. Lahoud had Kamal Jumblatt's statue and the PSP martyrs' monument removed; Kamal's museum was emptied in 2004.

After the war · From the books

Lahoud and Hoss stay away from King Hussein's funeral, following Syria.
Assad, whose announced boycott had kept Lahoud and Hoss away from the funeral, went after all, and the two Lebanese leaders were humiliated before their foreign counterparts.

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May 1999

late May 1999: day not established

After the war · From the books

Israel withdraws from the Jezzine region.
The pull-out was the first concrete step of the 'Lebanon first' option.

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June 1999

June 1999: day not established

After the war · From the books

Israeli night raids strike Lebanon's infrastructure.
Roads and power stations were bombed and civilians killed, as in the raids of 1997, 1998 and February 2000.

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1999

1999: day not established

After the war · From the books

Families of the disappeared widen their campaign.
In 1999 the Committee of the Families of the Kidnapped and Disappeared, set up by Wadad Halwani in 1982, created a Friends group and brought in activist Paul Ashqar; a war memorial and a 13 April national day joined its calls for an inquiry and family aid. 'Right to Know' dates from 1999; SOLIDA, for Lebanese held in Syria, from 1997.

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January 2001

Tuesday, 30 January 2001

After the war · From the books

UNIFIL's mandate is renewed and its strength cut to 4,500.

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February 2001

February 2001: day not established

After the war · From the books

Christian opposition figures form the Qornet Shehwan Gathering.
Patriarch Sfeir informally led this anti-Syrian Christian gathering of the centre-right, whose members ranged from ex-president Amine Gemayel to Samir Frangieh, formerly of the National Movement.

Sources differ: February 2001 (Haugbolle) or April 2001 (Picard).

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March 2001

March 2001: day not established

After the war · From the books

On a US tour, Patriarch Sfeir demands that Syrian forces leave Lebanon.

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April 2001

April 2001: day not established

After the war · From the books

The 'Memory for the Future' colloquium breaks the silence on the war.
Amal Makarem convened it at the UN building in Beirut: Lebanese journalists, academics and lawyers met transitional-justice specialists from Germany, Rwanda and South Africa. Several organisers later set up the Association Mémoire pour l'Avenir.

Sources differ: April 2001 (Haugbolle) or March 2001 (title cited by Reder).

Art and memory

testimony Haugbolle's notes cite the 111101.net artist page and 111101.com: the artist Naji Zahar, he writes, started a war-memory discussion group in the late 1990s and later created 111101, an award-winning online memory database.

After the war · From the books

Rival demonstrations over Syria revive fears of war around 13 April.
Haugbolle notes that in April 2001 several newspapers wondered whether war could return: they reported ex-militiamen stirring in both East and West Beirut after rival rallies, some against Syria, some for the government.

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May 2001

Thursday, 24 May 2001

After the war · From the books

A national holiday marks one year since the 'liberation' of the south.

Sources differ: Abirached dates the anniversary 24 May; de Clerck and Malsagne date the withdrawal itself to 25 May (see the withdrawal entry).

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June 2001

June 2001: day not established

After the war · From the books

Syrian troops partly withdraw from Beirut.
In June 2001, a year after Bashar al-Assad took power, some Syrian units moved from Beirut and its eastern suburbs to the north and east, while the bulk of the army stayed. Reported troop numbers: 25,000 after 2000, 21,000 in 2001, 17,000 in 2004.

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August 2001

Saturday, 4 August 2001

After the war · From the books

Patriarch Sfeir's visit to the Chouf seals a Maronite-Druze reconciliation.
Patriarch Sfeir toured the Chouf and called on Walid Jumblatt, eighteen years after the Mountain war; thousands of villagers applauded. Yet most displaced Christians still did not return.

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August 2001: day not established

After the war · From the books

Hundreds of Lebanese Forces and Aoun supporters are arrested.
Reacting to the Maronite–Druze reconciliation, the security services detained anti-Syrian activists for allegedly plotting against the state, and plainclothes police forcibly broke up a protest outside Beirut's Palace of Justice. The cabinet and parliament approved the crackdown.

Sources differ: Hundreds (Picard) or 200 (Quéméner).

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October 2001

Monday, 22 October 2001

After the war · From the books

After Hezbollah strikes Israeli posts at Shebaa, Israel hits back with raids in the south.

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2001

late 2001 (after 11 September): day not established

After the war · From the books

The United States lists Hezbollah as a terrorist group; Beirut refuses to act.
Washington asked Lebanon to freeze Hezbollah's assets and disarm it; the government refused, citing the unfinished Israeli withdrawal.

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February 2012

February 2012: day not established

Since 2005 · From the books

Fighting in Tripoli between Bab al-Tabbaneh and Jabal Mohsen (February-December 2012).
From February to December, Tripoli's pro-regime Alawite quarter of Jabal Mohsen and its Sunni quarter of Bab al-Tebbaneh, which backed the Syrian opposition, clashed.

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June 2012

Monday, 11 June 2012

Since 2005 · From the books

The Baabda Declaration commits Lebanon to 'dissociation' from regional conflicts.
The declaration, agreed at President Sleiman's National Dialogue, pledged 'dissociation' from regional conflicts and border control, mainly towards Syria; Picard considers the promise empty from the outset.

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October 2012

Friday, 19 October 2012

Since 2005 · From the books

Intelligence chief Wissam al-Hassan is assassinated.
Seven people died along with Wissam al-Hassan, head of ISF intelligence and an investigator of Hariri's assassination, in a Beirut car bombing.

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2012

2012: day not established

Since 2005 · From the books

Former minister Michel Samaha is arrested.
Picard treats the arrest as evidence that Syrian-paid agents took part in the unrest after the 2005 withdrawal.

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March 2016

Saturday, 19 March 2016

Since 2005 · From the books

Beirut's rubbish is finally collected and taken to new landfills.
Quéméner notes that one of the two new landfills had been sited too near Beirut's international airport.

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April 2016

April 2016: day not established

Since 2005 · From the books

Refugee pressure: the labour minister asks for help; Hollande pledges aid.
In April 2016 Labour Minister Sejaan Azzi, citing 25 per cent unemployment and 1.5 million Syrians, asked the US ambassador to take the refugee burden off Lebanon. Visiting Beirut that month, François Hollande announced 50 million euros a year in refugee aid for 2016-2018.

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May 2016

Sunday, 8 May 2016

Since 2005 · From the books

Beirut municipal elections: Hariri's list beats the civil-society list Beirut Madinati.
Saad Hariri's list won Beirut's council over Beirut Madinati ('Beirut, my city'), a civil-society slate that proposed deliberative urban planning and fielded engineers, architects, artists and researchers; Reder links it to the 2015 'You Stink' protests. Some 80 per cent of voters abstained.

Art and memory

artwork A 111101 project presents the 2016 Beirut municipal vote interactively, from the results and the electoral rolls (/Projects/Municipalities/results-beirut.php and voters-beirut.php).

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July 2016

Tuesday, 5 July 2016

Since 2005 · From the books

A Syrian refugee camp is burned in Akkar.
A small Syrian refugee camp in Akkar, a poor Sunni region, was set on fire on the night of 5-6 July.

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summer 2016: day not established

Since 2005 · From the books

Beit Beirut, the memory museum in the Barakat building, is inaugurated but stays closed.
The municipality inaugurated Beit Beirut, the old snipers' building on the demarcation line, but kept it shut; its 2008-2016 restoration saw repeated quarrels among the municipality, architect and scientific committee. Paris's mayor visited in September.

Art and memory

memorial Beit Beirut, the old Barakat building on the demarcation line, was the municipality's planned museum of the city's memory. Reder finds that in 2016-2019 artists and NGOs, not the municipality, kept it alive.

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October 2016

Monday, 31 October 2016

Since 2005 · From the books

Michel Aoun is elected President after twenty-nine months of vacancy.
Aoun, 81, ended a vacancy of over two years. A surplus envelope voided the last two of three rounds held before his election, Quéméner notes.

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November 2016

Thursday, 3 November 2016

Since 2005 · From the books

Saad Hariri is designated Prime Minister.
Hariri was named three days after Aoun's election.

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