111101////()/Contact

Memory and Creation / Lebanon

Chronology / 1982

110 events in 1982

The Israelis made a surprise breakthrough in the Upper-Chouf in Moukhtara, Barouk, Baakline, up to Ain Zhalta. The Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin sent a message to the Syrian President Hafez El Assad asking him not to intervene in the fights.

A gigantic air battle took place over the Bekaa. The Israelis were 10 kilometers away from Beirut.

The Lebanese Army deployed in West Beirut.

207 civilians died and 647 were wounded as a result of the Israeli barbarian operations.

The Israeli troops attacked Baabda where they occupied the Seraglio and the governmental hospital.

The bombings resumed on West Beirut.

The Beirut International Airport was also bombed.

A Public Salvation Committee was constituted. It included: Bechjr Gemayel, Walid Joumblatt, Nabih Berry, Nasri Maalouf, Chafic Wazzan, and Fouad Boutros. Walid Joumblatt resigned from office a few days later.

A savage bombardment of Beirut caused tens of victims. Simultaneously, a violent battle was raging close to Aley.

The PLO accepted the idea of leaving Beirut to save the city, with, in return, an Israeli withdrawal from the surroundings of the capital.

In a press conference held at the Alexander hotel, the Israeli Defense Minister, Ariel Sharon, invited the Lebanese to fight against the Palestinians.

While waiting for the PLO's response to the Israeli conditions, West Beirut was under a tight blockade.

Without renouncing to the diplomatic option, Israel toughened the pressure on Beirut, by depriving its inhabitants of water and electricity.

The Israelis controlled the Beirut International Airport where violent fights opposed them to the Palestinian-Progressive Joint Forces.

The US President, Ronald Reagan, decided to send American troops to Lebanon in order to reestablish peace and evacuate the Fedayin.

While Beirut and its suburbs were severely bombed, Damascus refused to receive the Fedayin.

Philip Habib suggested that the French troops evacuate the Fedayin.

Despite the approval of this formula by Beirut, Paris, and the PLO, an obstacle subsisted: the destination country of the Palestinian fighters.

It was apocalypse in Beirut! The two sectors of the capital as well as the mountain were heavily bombed during 15 hours non-stop, killing 75 persons and injuring 180 others.

While Beirut was still under blockade, sporadic confrontations opposed the Israelis and the Palestinians, and innocent victims continued to fall. The President of the AUB, David Dodge, was kidnapped in the middle of the campus.

Bechir Gemayel announced his candidacy for the presidency of the Republic.

On the eve of the return to Beirut of the US envoy, and the opening of the conference of the Arab Committee, Israel bombed West Beirut. The Palestinian forces retorted by shelling East Beirut. 112 deaths and 232 injuries were reported so far.

The PLO pledged to withdraw its troops from Beirut.

Around a hundred women from West Beirut headed by the Prime Minister's wife, Whajiha Wazzan, gathered in the American University of Beirut for an open sit-in to protest against the blockade of West Beirut.

The occupation of West Beirut turned into an annihilation war. Violent attacks killed 165 persons and wounded 400 others.

West Beirut was violently bombed. President Elias Sarkis addressed a protest letter to the US President Ronald Reagan.

The Accra building occupied by refugees collapsed during an Israeli air raid on Beirut, provoking the death of 250 persons.

Prime Minister Chafic Wazzan announced that an agreement on the evacuation of the Fedayin from Beirut had been reached.

French, Italian, and American contingents were on their way to Lebanon.

397 Palestinian fighters were evacuated towards Larnaca after the arrival of the French paratroopers.

Bechir Gemayel was elected President of the Lebanese Republic at the second round, by 57 votes against five abstentions.

The Lebanese authorities claimed the withdrawal of the Fedayin from the Bekaa region and the North, while the Italian and French contingents arrived to Beirut.

The Lebanese Army deployed in the central district in Beirut while the soldiers of the Arab Strike Force still positioned in Beirut, were being evacuated.

As the Arab Strike force was achieving its withdrawal from Beirut, Israeli fighters shoot a Mig 25 over Antelias.

The last Palestinian fighters left Lebanon. In 12 days, 10,876 Fedayin and 2,700 Syrian soldiers had left the Lebanese territory.

The normalization continued. The Sodeco crossing way was opened to traffic.

The Internal Security Forces deployed in the Southern suburbs.

According to a United Nations report, between the 6th of June 1982 and the 15th of August 1982, 6,775 persons had been killed and 30,000 others wounded. Over 80% of these victims were civilians form West Beirut. According to the same source, 2,094 seriously injured persons had been burned by phosphor bombs.

The Marines left Beirut after having accomplished their mission.

Two bloody confrontations opposed the Army and the I.S.F on one side, and the West Beirut organizations on the other.

Bechir Gemayel was killed by a bomb set in the headquarters of the Phalange Party in Achrafieh. The explosion killed 20 persons and wounded 60 others. The Lebanese President was gone and the hope that had pervaded the hearts of the Lebanese had vanished in seconds.