lebanese war
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1975/1990
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70 news for the 20th, 29th of every month

with the books

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May 20, 1975tuesday
Five people were killed and 24 were wounded in Dekwaneh
Violent confrontations opposed Palestinians from the Tell El Zaatar camp and Phalange Party members. Businesses were closed in protest against the lack of security.

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August 29, 1975friday
After mortar and rocket exchanges in the streets of Zahleh made several victims, a partial curfew was imposed on the town.

\_this day in full the books also date it 24 August 1975 \_on this day

\_what the books add

De Clerck and Malsagne and Tegho Bou Nassif date Zahleh's entry into the war to 24 August 1975, when Palestinian fighters planted a bomb in its tourist district, Wadi al-Arayish. In Hanf's account, Zahleh's Christians and Shi'is of its outskirts and nearby villages, helped by Palestinian guerrillas, came to blows late in August after a non-political arcade quarrel. Three Zahleh men were executed at the end of August.

January 20, 1976tuesday
Damour massacre
Avenging the massacre of Karantina by Christian forces 2 days before, Palestinians and leftist Muslims attacked the Christian city of Damour, located about 20 kilometers south of Beirut, and murdered 350 civilians.

\_this day in full the books also date it 9 January 1976, 16 January 1976, 19 January 1976, 22 January 1976, 24 January 1976 \_on this day

\_what the books add

The siege of Damour had begun on 9 January, before the fall of Karantina; the main massacre began on 20 January (Hanf, Ménargues, Fisk, de Clerck and Malsagne; Traboulsi gives 22 or 24 January). Jiyeh fell the same day. The attackers were mainly PLA, Saiqa and Fatah units, with Lebanese leftist parties. Estimates of the dead range from about 150 bodies found plus 200 missing (Fisk) and 300-584 (de Clerck and Malsagne) to about 900 (Ménargues); some 5,000 people fled by land and sea.

November 20, 1976saturday
The third phase of the peace plan started. 250 tanks and 11 battalions entered Zghorta, Ehden, Tripoli and the Koura. In South Lebanon, the 'Green Helmets' took position in Saïda, and Zahrani. The Arab Dissuasion Force was not able to enter Tyr, Nabatyeh, Marjeyoun, and Masnaa because of the Israeli opposition to any Arab military presence beyond its famous 'red line'.

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\_what the books add

Israel, Hanf notes, would accept no Arab troops south of the 'red line', Syrian ones least of all. When a Syrian unit entered Nabatiyeh in January 1977, an Israeli protest got it withdrawn and the Palestinians kept the town.

April 29, 1977friday
A meeting between the Syrians, the Lebanese, and the Palestinians was held in Baabda.
President Elias Sarkis met with the chairman of the PLO, Yasser Arafat. The meeting dealt mainly with the evacuation of Damour by the Palestinians and the execution of the Cairo agreement.

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August 29, 1977monday
The Saint-Georges Yacht Motor Club organized an international water-polo tournament.

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September 20, 1977tuesday
While bombardments and fights were taking place along the border since September 16, Radio Israel announced that Israel had sent a warning to Syria, indicating that no Syrian troop movement will be tolerated in Southern Lebanon.

\_this day in full the books also date it 21 September 1977 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Robert Fisk, who reported from the area, saw Israeli tanks on Lebanese soil near Ibl al-Saqi and Israeli shelling of Christian villages such as Rachaya al-Fukhar, where Palestinian guerrillas had dug in.

January 20, 1978friday
A new armament and US equipment shipment sent to the Lebanese Army and the Internal Security Forces arrived at the Port of Beirut. It included a hundred armored vehicles and cistern trucks.

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January 29, 1978sunday
A bomb attack damaged seriously the Tunisian embassy in Beirut, without, however, causing any victim.

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March 29, 1978wednesday
The Arab Strike Force's mandate was extended for another 6 months.

\_this day in full the books also date it 28 October 1978 \_on this day

July 29, 1978saturday
The bombing intensified in the Eastern suburbs of Beirut.

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November 29, 1978wednesday
The President concluded his visit to Paris with disappointment. France took a moderate position while thousands of Lebanese who fled to Paris exhorted the French government to react. However, politics has its own reasons.

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December 20, 1978wednesday
Following a governmental reshuffling, General Victor Khoury became Minister of Defense, replacing Fouad Boutros.

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March 20, 1979tuesday
A car bomb containing explosives operated by remote control, parked next to the military council of the Phalange Party was found. This attack aimed at the chief of the Lebanese Forces, Bechir Gemayel.

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August 20, 1979monday
A car bomb exploded prematurely in Achrafieh killing the two occupants of the vehicle. A disaster had just been avoided.

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September 20, 1979thursday
Numerous typhoid cases were reported in Lebanon but there hasn't been any epidemic outbreak in the country.

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May 20, 1980tuesday
In a verbal message transmitted through the US ambassador John Gunther Dean, President Elias Sarkis urged the US President Carter to stop Lebanon's agony.

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July 20, 1980sunday
Takieddine Solh was asked, by the President of the Republic, to form a new Government of National Union.

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\_what the books add

In Ménargues's account Damascus rejected Takieddine Solh, finding him too lukewarm about Lebanese–Syrian friendship, and offered three names instead, Selim Hoss's among them.

January 29, 1981thursday
The Israeli aviation bombarded Saida and Nabatyeh for two days. An artillery duel opposed the 'Common Forces' to the militiamen of Saad Haddad. These Israeli bombardments killed 14 and injured 30 others.

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March 20, 1981friday
The United Nations Security Council condemned Saad Haddad without mentioning Israel.

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April 20, 1981monday
The situation was worsening in Lebanon. Violence unleashed in the South where artillery duels and air raids on Nabatyeh and Saida killed 16 and injured 33. Sporadic bombardments shred the silence in Zahleh. East Beirut was violently shelled and bombings spread to Nahr El Kalb causing five deaths and 32 wounded.

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May 29, 1981friday
According to the American information service, 150 Libyan soldiers were in Lebanon for some time. Arafat declared that the Palestinian Resistance detained SAM missiles.

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July 29, 1981wednesday
An air combat in which a Syrian MIG was shut down by Israeli Phantoms broke the precarious calm in Lebanon.

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September 20, 1981sunday
A bomb inside a theatre in Mazraa killed 4 and injured 27.

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November 20, 1981friday
Habib was expected to undertake a new mission in order to prevent a new round of hostilities in Lebanon.

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April 20, 1982tuesday
A special envoy of the quai d'Orsay arrived to Lebanon to appease the French.

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June 20, 1982sunday
A Public Salvation Committee was constituted. It included: Bechjr Gemayel, Walid Joumblatt, Nabih Berry, Nasri Maalouf, Chafic Wazzan, and Fouad Boutros. Walid Joumblatt resigned from office a few days later.

\_this day in full the books also date it 14 June 1982, 22 June 1982 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Ménargues and Fisk date the decision to form the committee to 14 June; Traboulsi has it convening on 20 June. Philip Habib attended its sessions of 22 and 23 June. Its agenda, Traboulsi notes, dealt with the PLO's withdrawal, not the Israeli occupation; Jumblatt quit the committee and the cabinet rather than 'deal the final blow to the Palestinians', and Berri stopped taking part.

July 29, 1982thursday
The PLO pledged to withdraw its troops from Beirut.

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August 29, 1982sunday
The Lebanese Army deployed in the central district in Beirut while the soldiers of the Arab Strike Force still positioned in Beirut, were being evacuated.

\_this day in full the books also date it 21 August 1982, 30 August 1982 \_on this day

September 29, 1982wednesday
The Marines disembarked in Beirut while the Israelis were achieving the evacuation of the capital.

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October 20, 1982wednesday
Amine Gemayel met with French President Franois Mitterand.

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November 20, 1982saturday
The Lebanese Forces and the Progressive Socialist Party militiamen started a merciless war in the cazas of Aley and the Chouf.

\_this day in full the books also date it 8 November 1982, 23 November 1982 \_on this day

\_what the books add

On 8 November 1982 PSP men attacked a Christian funeral in Kfar Nabrakh, a mixed Chouf village, killing eleven, in reaction to a Lebanese Forces checkpoint set up nearby. Some twenty houses were burned and nine villagers abducted; their bodies were found in a well on 23 November. De Clerck and Malsagne call it the Mountain War's first massacre.

December 20, 1982monday
The situation flared up in Aley and the fights claimed another 19 victims.

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February 20, 1983sunday
Even the weather seemed to conspire against Lebanon in the beginning of this year. The storm and the cold raging from the coast up to the peaks of Lebanon claimed several victims. 23 cadavers were discovered and tens of persons were reported missing in the region of Dahr El Baydar. Rescue teams had already succeeded in saving 200 persons; but tens of others, trapped in their cars or buried under the snow where they were attempting to find shelter, were fighting death. The final toll reached 60 deaths and tens of isolated villages.

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April 29, 1983friday
Serge Lama gave his first recital at the Theatre du Liban.

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June 20, 1983monday
Lebanon lost one of its major poets. Nadia Tueni left behind her pages of pure beauty, eternal words, an immortal poetry, a Lebanon on fire, a tearful family, and inconsolable friends.

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June 29, 1983wednesday
Philip Habib undertook a new tour in the region. The Lebanese officials informed him in Beirut of their opposition to any partial Israeli withdrawal from the mountain.

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November 20, 1983sunday
An Israeli airplane was shut down by the D.C.A. in the Lebanese sky.

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December 20, 1983tuesday
Yasser Arafat and 4300 Palestinians left Tripoli aboard Greek ships.

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\_what the books add

Escorted by five French warships, Greek ships including the Odysseus carried Arafat and some 4,000 men from Tripoli to Tunis, the PLO's second evacuation from Lebanon after Beirut in 1982.

February 29, 1984wednesday
President Amine Gemayel visited Damascus. The observers expected a normalization soon after. Indeed, the Syrian President approved the opening of new round Israeli-Lebanese negotiations.

\_this day in full the books also date it 24 February 1984, 26 February 1984 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Ménargues gives two different days for this visit: 24 February in his prologue and 26 February in another passage. Hanf and Fisk both give 29 February. Fisk notes a 21-gun salute; Hanf says Gemayel told Assad he was ready to abrogate the 17 May agreement.

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