lebanese war
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19 news for February, June, November, December 1990

with the books
February 3, 1990saturday
February 3, 4
The army takes control of Dbayeh after a tough battle.

\_this day in full the books also date it 6 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: the army's counter-offensive of 6 February 1990 reached the coast near Antelias and took Dbayeh, home to Lebanese Forces barracks and the militia's finance department.

February 9, 1990friday
New dividing lines appeared in the Eastern region and the medias war raged. Hospitals suffered from a serious penury and the Lebanese continued to flee by thousands. That week, 417 were killed and 1,655 wounded.

\_this day in full the books also date it 31 January 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Totals for the whole army-Lebanese Forces war differ. De Clerck and Malsagne count over 1,500 victims, fighters and civilians, and say the first three weeks claimed more than the six months of the 1989 war against Syria; the army alone lost 21 officers and 221 soldiers, about 100,000 people moved elsewhere in Lebanon and close to 200,000 went abroad. Hanf estimates about 1,000 dead and 3,500 wounded; Picard 1,000 dead and 3,000 wounded for January-July; Fisk 'well over a thousand' dead in Beirut from end January to end May.

February 11, 1990sunday
The Kesrouan was now at the center of the Aoun-Geagea conflict. Despite all mediations and attempts to maintain the precarious truce, belligerents were fighting on the new front of Daraya, separating the Metn and the Kesrouan.

\_this day in full the books also date it 10 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Colonel Paul Fares declared himself head of a 'neutral army' on 10 February 1990, as a Lebanese Forces push on the army's Kleiat mountain position stalled (Hanf).

February 15, 1990thursday
Despite Mgr Sfeir's pathetic call, a blaze of fire hits the 'Christian country'. The army takes control of Ain el Remmaneh.

\_this day in full the books also date it 11 February 1990, 16 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: after the army took Ain al-Rummaneh on 16 February 1990, having attacked the eastern suburbs on the 11th, the Lebanese Forces fell back to Ashrafieh through West Beirut. A Reuters reporter with the troops said it was 'like an earthquake had hit it'.

February 17, 1990saturday
The Army evacuates 400 soldiers from the Adma base, surrounded for over two weeks. The evacuation takes place with the assistance of the Lebanese Red Cross.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Aoun lost almost all his helicopters when the Lebanese Forces, as a diversion, besieged the Adma base in Kisrawan; the outnumbered commandos held out until a deal let them leave armed (Hanf).

February 25, 1990sunday
The Baroness, a civilian ship transporting passengers from Cyprus to the Eastern regions, is attacked resulting in 1 death and 25 injured. The attackers remain unidentified and the liaison between Jounieh and Larnaca is temporarily interrupted.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 1, 1990friday
Lakhdar Ibrahimi is again in Beirut to launch a series of intensive dialogues.

\_this day in full the books also date it 11 July 1990 \_on this day

June 3, 1990sunday
A peaceful walk on the road of Nahr el Kalb, grouping religious personalities ends dramatically. Pierre Chbat, the L.B.C's cameraman, is killed.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 12, 1990tuesday
Patriarch Sfeir, accompanied by Mgr Puente, visit President Hraoui. This visit is the first one since the election of the former.

\_this day in full \_on this day

November 5, 1990monday
The Damascus agreement between the Hezbollah and Amal is a copy of the one agreed upon on January 30th 1989. The cease-fire takes effect in the Iqlim-el-Touffah.

\_this day in full the books also date it 6 November 1990, 9 November 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Sources differ on dates. Picard has Damascus and Tehran imposing an Amal–Hezbollah ceasefire on 6 November 1990; de Clerck and Malsagne date the inter-Shi'i accord signed in Damascus to 9 November and, with Aoun's fall, treat it as formally ending the 'civil' war. Hanf says both movements withdrew their fighters from Iqlim al-Tuffah after drawn-out Syrian and Iranian mediation. That final round began in December 1989 (de Clerck and Malsagne, Confluences) or, in Hezbollah's official version, in July 1990, with an Amal siege of nearly 100 days.

November 11, 1990sunday
Amal, the P.S.P., and the Hizbollah evacuated their militiamen from the capital. This evacuation was part of the 'Great Beirut' project, aiming at the reunification and disarmament of the capital. As for the Lebanese Forces, they had to leave Achrafieh on November 19 at the latest.

\_this day in full the books also date it 17 November 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: the militias were ordered out of Beirut on 17 November 1990, as army units deployed across the capital under a security plan cleared in advance with Syria. Amal (to the south) and the PSP (to the Chouf) left at once, Hezbollah three days later. The Lebanese Forces first set conditions; their pull-out, opened by a military parade on 23 November, ended by 3 December.

November 15, 1990thursday
The electric power is redistributed progressively in various Lebanese regions.

\_this day in full \_on this day

November 28, 1990wednesday
After 15 months of absence, the US Embassy reopens in Aoukar and the new Ambassador in Beirut, Ryan Crocker, starts his mission initiating a come-back of the American diplomacy on the Lebanese scene.

\_this day in full \_on this day

December 3, 1990monday
The Lebanese Forces achieve the evacuation of their heavy armaments. Great Beirut has become a reality.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: on 4 December 1990 soldiers started clearing the Green Line barricades, the Lebanese Forces having left Beirut on 3 December except for 300 men at their Karantina headquarters and in the port.

December 5, 1990wednesday
The Lebanese Army controls the port of Beirut and the 5th dock is closed to the maritime traffic.

\_this day in full the books also date it 3 December 1990, 11 March 1991 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf says 300 Lebanese Forces militiamen stayed at Karantina and the port after the December 1990 withdrawal, and dates the army's entry into the Fifth Basin and other militia ports to 11 March 1991.

December 10, 1990monday
The Fouad Chehab avenue, known under the name of the ring, was finally reopened to the circulation in both directions. This passage, closed since 1984, was completely cleaned up and free of mines.

\_this day in full the books also date it 4 December 1990 \_on this day

December 13, 1990thursday
After a small rise of the Lebanese Pound, the dollar catches up and reaches 800 LBP.

\_this day in full \_on this day

December 19, 1990wednesday
President Hoss resigns and Omar Karame is designated Prime Minster. His task is to put together a New Government of National Union.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: Omar Karami was asked on 20 December 1990 to form a government after Hoss quit on the 19th; Hrawi had settled its make-up with the Syrians in Damascus on 15 December, excluding Hoss and Speaker Husseini.

December 24, 1990monday
The Karame Government is composed of 30 Ministers including 9 Ministers of State, but the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb refuse to be part of it.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf lists the parties left out of the Karami cabinet of 24 December 1990: Hezbollah, the National Liberals, Aoun's supporters and the Communists. With 30 ministers it was Lebanon's largest. Berri, Jumblatt, Geagea, Hobeika, Suleiman Frangieh, Abdallah el-Amin and Assad Hardan, seven militia chiefs, joined as ministers of state without portfolio. After the Lebanese Forces protested at its make-up, Geagea urged the Christian ministers to resign; only his two colleagues followed. It won confidence on 9 January 1991.