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587 news for February, March, July, September, November, December

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November 6, 1983sunday
The situation was dramatic in Tripoli. Inter-Palestinian fights claimed 500 deaths and 875 injured.

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The fighting set Fatah dissidents under Abu Musa, Syrian artillery and pro-Syrian Lebanese parties against Arafat's loyalists and the Sunni Tawhid militia. Hanf writes that in early November it took on the character of a Sunni-Alawite civil war, and that Tawhid fighters killed hundreds of communists.

November 17, 1983thursday
The French aviation hit pro-Iranian bases in Baalbeck.

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Fourteen Super-Étendards from the carrier Clemenceau attacked the Sheikh Abdallah barracks and the Khawam hotel, used by the Revolutionary Guards and Islamic Amal. The barracks had been evacuated after a leak, and most bombs fell on nearby hills; de Clerck and Malsagne count two dead, an Iranian and a Lebanese shepherd. The raid, code-named 'Brochet', was presented as retaliation for the Drakkar bombing.

November 20, 1983sunday
An Israeli airplane was shut down by the D.C.A. in the Lebanese sky.

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November 24, 1983thursday
Six Israeli prisoners were exchanged against 4600 Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners.

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November 25, 1983friday
A Syrian-Saudi agreement was reached in Damascus for the evacuation of Palestinians from Tripoli.

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November 30, 1983wednesday
President Gemayel met with the American President at the White House.

\_this day in full the books also date it 1 December 1983 \_on this day

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Hanf writes that in Washington on 1 December the Americans pressed Gemayel to come to terms with the Druze and Shi'is and ruled out any change to the 17 May agreement.

December 1, 1983thursday
Sheikh Halim Takieddine, Chief of the Druze religious law courts was assassinated; this triggered great emotions in political and religious spheres in Beirut.

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December 4, 1983sunday
The Syrian anti-air defense shut down two American airplanes and a pilot was captured. The positions of the Marines at the Beirut International Airport were bombarded. Eight Marines were killed. The American President was angry: 'We will retaliate if we are attacked again'.

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US aircraft struck Syrian positions on 4 December. Fisk counts one plane brought down, with the pilot dead and the co-pilot taken prisoner (Jesse Jackson obtained his release in January 1984); Hanf counts two planes lost. Hanf also places, without a date, the deaths of eight Marines from Syrian artillery fire in the same episode.

December 5, 1983monday
150 kilos of hexogen exploded at Tarik Jdideh spreading terror, killing 16 persons and injuring 100.

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December 8, 1983thursday
A water tower exploded in the Bekaa and the flooding provoked a landslide that destroyed 10 houses and killed 20 persons.

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December 14, 1983wednesday
The American battleship New Jersey entered into action and launched 11 bombs of 1500 kilos each against Syrian positions in Dahr El Baydar.

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The New Jersey fired shells, not bombs: one-ton 16-inch rounds, according to Fisk. De Clerck and Malsagne say its rounds often missed, by up to 9,000 metres, and killed civilians; Christians called it 'New Jersa', a new shame.

December 15, 1983thursday
2500 Lebanese Forces fighters were evacuated from Deir El Kamar.

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On 15 December, after 102 days, the siege of Deir el-Qamar ended. Israel brokered the departure of Samir Geagea's Lebanese Forces and most refugees for East Beirut; the town was left mainly to its elderly.

December 16, 1983friday
The Beirut International Airport, closed since November 30, was reopened to air traffic.

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December 20, 1983tuesday
Yasser Arafat and 4300 Palestinians left Tripoli aboard Greek ships.

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Escorted by five French warships, Greek ships including the Odysseus carried Arafat and some 4,000 men from Tripoli to Tunis, the PLO's second evacuation from Lebanon after Beirut in 1982.

December 21, 1983wednesday
A truck bomb attack against the frigate post of the French contingent of the Multinational Force in Berjaoui killed one paratrooper and injured 16 others. Another 16 persons were killed and 84 were injured among the Lebanese civilians.

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December 28, 1983wednesday
After three days marked by violent combats in the capital, the Army announced that it was controlling the camps of Sabra and Chatila.

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February 2, 1984thursday
The schools closed their doors in the Eastern sector of the capital due to the blind shelling of Beirut and its suburbs.

\_this day in full the books also date it 1 February 1984 \_on this day

February 5, 1984sunday
President Gemayel announced his intention to form a national union government and presented a program of 8 points to save the country. He also convoked a new conference for national reconciliation in Geneva on February 27. The resignation of the Wazzan government presented on September 26, 1983, was finally accepted.

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In Fisk's account Wazzan submitted his resignation that day, insisting it be accepted at once. This looks like a fresh resignation rather than acceptance of the one tendered on 26 September 1983, though Fisk also has the cabinet resigning in September 1983. Hanf has Berri appealing to Shi'i soldiers not to fire on their own people on the day the army began shelling the southern suburbs, at heavy civilian cost.

February 6, 1984monday
In a matter of hours, Amal took control over West Beirut. The capital was heavily bombed, while the Army gave up the control of the Western sector of the Capital to Amal and to the Islamic militias.

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The books describe a joint Amal and PSP (Druze) offensive, not Amal alone; the mainly Shi'i Sixth Brigade went over to Amal. Hanf dates the last Christian soldiers' withdrawal to the east, and so the completed division, to 7 February. De Clerck and Malsagne record the uprising's name, 'the 6 February movement'. About 50,000 Christians moved east, almost half the public radio's 400 staff left their posts, and Télé-Liban split. A later Sunni militia took its name from the date (Hanf).

February 8, 1984wednesday
The ' New Jersey ', the most powerful battleship in the world from the 6 US fleet, bombed for several hours anti-governmental positions in the mountain.

\_this day in full the books also date it 13 February 1984 \_on this day

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Druze militiamen in Tibiyat, east of Beirut, visited by Fisk on 13 February, said the New Jersey's shelling of the Metn and Chouf foothills had killed 24 civilians and wounded 115 (their figures). De Clerck and Malsagne note the ship's frequent misses and its Arabic nickname 'New Jersa' ('new shame').

February 9, 1984thursday
Foreign diplomats and nationals were evacuated form the Western regions where anarchy prevailed.

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February 11, 1984saturday
French porpoises and Internal Security forces took in charge the Museum crossing point.

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'Porpoises' is a literal rendering of the French 'marsouins', the nickname of the French marine infantry (troupes de marine).

February 14, 1984tuesday
Amal and PSP met in Khaldeh, while only Souk El Gharb was still controlled by the Army in the mountain.

\_this day in full the books also date it 15 February 1984 \_on this day

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De Clerck and Malsagne give 14 February 1984 for the PSP's capture of the Chahhar district, part of a week-long uprising in Beirut and the mountain.

February 15, 1984wednesday
Mechref and Damour fell under the control of the PSP, while violent combats raged around Souk El Gharb, the last obstacle in the mountain.

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Hanf counts some 15,000 Christian civilians leaving the coastal Chouf for Israeli-occupied territory; Mechref is not named.

February 17, 1984friday
The Marines withdrew from Beirut. The Italian contingent of the Multinational Force was soon to follow. The capital was left on its own.

\_this day in full the books also date it 7 February 1984, 31 July 1984 \_on this day

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Sources date the Marines' departure differently. Hanf: the US announced the 'redeployment' to the ships on 7 February. De Clerck and Malsagne: the evacuation ran from 7 to 26 February, and their chronology dates the MNF withdrawal 26 February - 31 March. Fisk: a last Marine detachment guarding the embassy left on 31 July 1984. The Italians left on 20 February (Hanf).

February 29, 1984wednesday
President Amine Gemayel visited Damascus. The observers expected a normalization soon after. Indeed, the Syrian President approved the opening of new round Israeli-Lebanese negotiations.

\_this day in full the books also date it 24 February 1984, 26 February 1984 \_on this day

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Ménargues gives two different days for this visit: 24 February in his prologue and 26 February in another passage. Hanf and Fisk both give 29 February. Fisk notes a 21-gun salute; Hanf says Gemayel told Assad he was ready to abrogate the 17 May agreement.

March 5, 1984monday
The Wazzan government met under the presidency of Gemayel and abrogated the Israeli-Lebanese agreement of May 17. A new reconciliation conference was to be held on the 12th of March in Lausanne.

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Traboulsi notes Gemayel never signed the agreement, which his government formally repudiated.

March 12, 1984monday
The Lausanne conference began and lasted until March 20. The observers considered it a camouflaged failure. The participants decided to execute a security plan, stop slanderous campaigns, create a constituent assembly, and resume the dialog under the patronage of the chief of State.

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Most sources give 12-20 March 1984. Picard's main text gives April 1984 and Fisk says 'spring of 1983'. Traboulsi's chronology lists Lausanne under 1983. Hanf says the conference agreed on a ceasefire and a commission on the constitution, which may be what 'constituent assembly' refers to. He also says Frangieh blocked any radical reorganisation.

March 22, 1984thursday
The PSP, backed up by Amal, forced the Mourabitun out of Beirut.

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Hanf dates the Mourabitoun's final destruction and Qulaylat's exile to April 1985, when Amal and the PSP combined against them.

March 25, 1984sunday
It was the French contingent's turn to leave Beirut while the Eastern regions remained the target of blind and murderous bombardments.

\_this day in full the books also date it 31 March 1984 \_on this day

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Hanf and de Clerck and Malsagne date the departure of the last French MNF soldiers to 31 March 1984; 25 March may mark the start of the French withdrawal, which the books do not mention. France left soldiers in Beirut as ceasefire observers.

March 28, 1984wednesday
While a deluge of fire fell on residential areas killing 26 persons and wounding 148 others, 40 French observers arrived in Beirut to supervise the cease-fire. The high political and military committee created during the Lausanne conference held its first meeting in Baabda.

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July 2, 1984monday
A rocket attack hit the offices of l'Orient-Le-Jour causing serious damages.

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July 4, 1984wednesday
The Army was deployed in Greater Beirut. The crossing points were reopened, thus unifying the Eastern and Western sectors of the Capital.

\_this day in full the books also date it 3 July 1984 \_on this day

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Hanf gives 3 July 1984 for the security plan's entry into force; this entry and entry 725 use 4 July. Hanf adds that the Green Line barricades were cleared at the end of July.

July 7, 1984saturday
The parents of kidnapped and disappeared persons demonstrated and blocked the Museum axis.

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July 9, 1984monday
The Beirut International Airport and the Port also reopened. They had been closed since February 6.

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July 12, 1984thursday
Violent confrontations opposed the Marada, President Frangieh's militia, to the Syrian Nationalist Party.

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July 14, 1984saturday
Talal Salman, chief editor of the newspaper As Safir, was seriously injured by a killing attempt. The Press went on strike for 24 hours to protest against this incident.

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July 16, 1984monday
The Marada and the Syrian Nationalist Party signed an agreement in Damascus, putting an end to the 'war in the North'.

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July 20, 1984friday
An rocket attack was perpetrated against the Soviet embassy in Mazraa. The 'organization of the sharp sword', an unknown organization, claimed responsibility for the attack.

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July 21, 1984saturday
A Lebanese hijacker captured an MEA airplane connecting Abou-Dhabi to Beirut, to protest against the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon. He surrenders to the authorities after harsh negotiations. The airplane had 138 passengers and 9 crewmembers aboard.

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