lebanese war
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609 news for January, February, June, September, November, December

with the books

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February 24, 1989friday
A permanent political-military committee Army-L.F is formed to insure the normalization in the Eastern regions.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 12, 1989monday
The EEC gives its full support to the committee composed by the three Chiefs of State (Algerian, Saudi Arabian, and Moroccan) constituted during the Casablanca Summit in order to find a solution to the Lebanese crisis.

\_this day in full the books also date it 23 May 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

The committee was set up at the Arab summit in Casablanca, which opened on 23 May 1989 (Hanf).

June 15, 1989thursday
Electricity, fuel, and flour are the daily preoccupation of Lebanese. Once again, the power plant of Zouk announces that it cannot supply power more than 2 hours a day.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 26, 1989monday
A new fuel rationing system, based on coupons, is enforced in the Eastern regions.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 30, 1989friday
The pounding of Achrafieh continues and causes a large number of victims.

\_this day in full \_on this day

September 6, 1989wednesday
2000 angry demonstrators have besieged the American Embassy. Twenty-four hours later, 30 American diplomats, including the Ambassador John Mc Carthy, leave Lebanon.

\_this day in full the books also date it 16 November 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

According to Hanf and Fisk, the embassy closed after demonstrations by Aoun's supporters. A first youth protest at the embassy, against Western 'silence', took place in April 1989.

September 15, 1989friday
The UN delivers a 200,000 dollars check to the human organization 'Save the Children' in favor of war victims in Lebanon.

\_this day in full \_on this day

September 21, 1989thursday
The Sunnite Deputy of the West Bekaa and former Minister, Nazem Kadri (74 years old), is killed in Verdun.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf says Kadri had lobbied deputies to press for Syria's withdrawal from the Bekaa before Taif. He groups the killing with those of Bashir Gemayel, Kamal Jumblatt, Hassan Khaled and Mohammed Shukair, all of which, in his view, plainly benefited Syria.

September 22, 1989friday
A cease-fire was officially observed while general Aoun answered favorably to the Arab peace proposals.

\_this day in full the books also date it 13 September 1989, 23 September 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

The dates differ: Picard ends the 'war of liberation' on 22 September; de Clerck and Malsagne say the ceasefire took effect on 23 September. Hanf dates the troika's new plan to 13 September (de Clerck and Malsagne say 17 September). Aoun accepted it, urging the deputies to insist on a timetable for Syrian withdrawal.

September 24, 1989sunday
Crossing roads are finally opened and the flights at the International Beirut Airport resume. Even the maritime blockade against the Eastern regions is lifted.

\_this day in full \_on this day

September 27, 1989wednesday
Lakhdar Ibrahimi announces that the parliamentary meeting will take place in Taef (in Saudi Arabia) on September 30th.

\_this day in full the books also date it 13 September 1989, 30 September 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

The meeting date of 30 September was already part of the troika's 13 September proposals (Hanf). De Clerck and Malsagne say 63 of the 73 surviving deputies gathered in Taif on 30 September. Hanf dates the formal opening to 1 October.

November 1, 1989wednesday
The five permanent members of the Security Council are in favor of the Taef agreement.

\_this day in full the books also date it 22 October 1989 \_on this day

November 4, 1989saturday
At the last minute, the deputies decided not to return to Lebanon to meet with general Aoun. At 5 o'clock in the morning, Aoun decided to dissolve the Chamber and asked the members of parliament to adjourn their vote.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf dates Aoun's dissolution, by Decree 420, to 4 November, with elections set for January 1990; Traboulsi places it in September 1989. Raymond Eddé held the decree constitutional; Georges Vedel, the French jurist consulted by Speaker Husseini, found that an interim government could not dissolve parliament.

November 5, 1989sunday
The 'dissolved' National Assembly met at the military base of Kleyate and elected Rene Moawad new President of the Republic. Angry demonstrators invaded the patriarchal office of Bkerke. The Patriarch took refuge in Dimane. He came back later at the request of General Aoun.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

On 5 November, Hanf says, 58 deputies met at the Qlayaat air base, seven kilometres from the Syrian border, 25 of them flown from Paris on Rafic Hariri's private plane. They returned Hussein Husseini as speaker, voted on Taif and chose René Moawad as president: 35 votes on the first ballot, 52 with 6 abstentions on the second. That evening demonstrators broke into the Bkerke patriarchate and made Patriarch Sfeir kiss a portrait of Aoun.

November 8, 1989wednesday
A car bomb explodes on Abou Taleb Street in Hamra one hour before the arrival of President Moawad to West Beirut.

\_this day in full \_on this day

November 17, 1989friday
While Selim Hoss is asked to form the new government, retaliations take place against some deputies from Eastern regions.

\_this day in full the books also date it 5 November 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Aoun, Hanf writes, warned that any Christian deputy joining a Moawad-Hoss government would lose the right to live in the 'free areas'. When bombs hit the homes of many Christian deputies after the election, his condemnation was half-hearted: he voiced 'understanding for the anger of the people'.

November 22, 1989wednesday
As soon as the ceremonies celebrating Independence Day ended, and after President Moawad left the Governmental Serail in Sanyeh, his car was destroyed by an important load of explosives.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Moawad had been president for seventeen days. Hanf puts the dead at fourteen, including the president; de Clerck and Malsagne say he died with 23 other people. Fisk describes a remote-controlled charge of 250 kg of explosives concealed in a disused shop, and watched bulldozers clear the rubble within hours.

November 24, 1989friday
Elias Hraoui is elected President of the Republic by an Assembly reunited at the Chtaura Park Hotel, on the eve of the National Funerals of the defunct President.

\_this day in full the books also date it 22 November 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: Elias Hrawi, the only candidate, won on the second ballot with 47 votes of the 53 deputies present, 5 abstaining, under Syrian protection; at the same sitting parliament gave itself four more years. Speaker Husseini had gone to Damascus on the night of 22 November. Traboulsi's chronology places the election on 22 November.

November 26, 1989sunday
The government created by Selim Hoss gets the Parliament's confidence.

\_this day in full the books also date it 24 November 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf sees the cabinet as falling short of Taif's national unity government, since Michel Sassine stayed in Paris and Kataeb leader Georges Saadé wavered.

November 28, 1989tuesday
Several reports mentionned important Syrian movements towards the Eastern fronts. In response to General Aoun's call, thousands of Lebanese went to Baabda and watched the Palace day and night.

\_this day in full the books also date it 25 November 1989 \_on this day

\_what the books add

The crowds began gathering at Baabda as soon as Hrawi gave Aoun his ultimatum, according to Hanf the day after the election. The sit-in lasted weeks. Fisk saw the Syrian army move hundreds of tanks and guns into the mountains above Beirut in early December. Emile Lahoud was named army commander on 28 November (de Clerck and Malsagne).

November 29, 1989wednesday
November 29, 30
French opposition deputies go to Baabda to express their solidarity.

\_this day in full \_on this day

December 4, 1989monday
Violent combats between Amal and the Hezbollah in the West of the Bekaa end with the expulsion of Amal from the villages in the region.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

The books place the renewed Amal-Hezbollah fighting of December 1989 in Iqlim al-Touffah, east of Sidon. Hanf says it started after Hezbollah fighters from the Bekaa crossed the zone held by the South Lebanon Army.

December 10, 1989sunday
After being shut down for two weeks, schools and universities open again in the Eastern regions.

\_this day in full \_on this day

December 18, 1989monday
Over 300,000 persons participate in the 'flag walk' in the courtyard of the Presidential Palace in Baabda.

\_this day in full \_on this day

December 24, 1989sunday
The two hours meeting between General Aoun and Samir Geagea seem to have pacified their relations.

\_this day in full \_on this day

January 3, 1990wednesday
General Michel Aoun admits the existence, in France, of a bank account in his name, with the amount of 15 million dollars. However, he explains that this money is only used for the defense of his country.

\_this day in full \_on this day

January 5, 1990friday
After having spent 43 days in the military casern of Ablah, President Elias Hraoui leaves the Bekaa and settles in Ramlet-el-Beida. The photographer of L'Orient-Le Jour and the Nahar, Georges Semerdjian dies while on the field.

\_this day in full \_on this day

January 31, 1990wednesday
Fights opposing the Lebanese Forces and General Aoun’s army were reported and deprived certain regions of electricity, phone, and water.

\_this day in full the books also date it 27 January 1990, 30 January 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Historians date the start of this second round of fighting between General Aoun's army and Samir Geagea's Lebanese Forces to the last days of January 1990. De Clerck and Malsagne give 31 January, when the army tried to retake positions the militia held at Furn al-Chubbak; they add that the militia's own attack had been planned for 7 February. Hanf dates the first shots to 27 January, over a school in Furn al-Chebbak that the militia refused to hand back to the Ministry of Education. Picard's chronology gives 30 January. The fighting lasted until a ceasefire in May (accounts of its end range from March to July). Aoun's side called it the war for 'unifying the guns'; it is often remembered as the 'War of Elimination'.

February 3, 1990saturday
February 3, 4
The army takes control of Dbayeh after a tough battle.

\_this day in full the books also date it 6 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: the army's counter-offensive of 6 February 1990 reached the coast near Antelias and took Dbayeh, home to Lebanese Forces barracks and the militia's finance department.

February 9, 1990friday
New dividing lines appeared in the Eastern region and the medias war raged. Hospitals suffered from a serious penury and the Lebanese continued to flee by thousands. That week, 417 were killed and 1,655 wounded.

\_this day in full the books also date it 31 January 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Totals for the whole army-Lebanese Forces war differ. De Clerck and Malsagne count over 1,500 victims, fighters and civilians, and say the first three weeks claimed more than the six months of the 1989 war against Syria; the army alone lost 21 officers and 221 soldiers, about 100,000 people moved elsewhere in Lebanon and close to 200,000 went abroad. Hanf estimates about 1,000 dead and 3,500 wounded; Picard 1,000 dead and 3,000 wounded for January-July; Fisk 'well over a thousand' dead in Beirut from end January to end May.

February 11, 1990sunday
The Kesrouan was now at the center of the Aoun-Geagea conflict. Despite all mediations and attempts to maintain the precarious truce, belligerents were fighting on the new front of Daraya, separating the Metn and the Kesrouan.

\_this day in full the books also date it 10 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Colonel Paul Fares declared himself head of a 'neutral army' on 10 February 1990, as a Lebanese Forces push on the army's Kleiat mountain position stalled (Hanf).

February 15, 1990thursday
Despite Mgr Sfeir's pathetic call, a blaze of fire hits the 'Christian country'. The army takes control of Ain el Remmaneh.

\_this day in full the books also date it 11 February 1990, 16 February 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf: after the army took Ain al-Rummaneh on 16 February 1990, having attacked the eastern suburbs on the 11th, the Lebanese Forces fell back to Ashrafieh through West Beirut. A Reuters reporter with the troops said it was 'like an earthquake had hit it'.

February 17, 1990saturday
The Army evacuates 400 soldiers from the Adma base, surrounded for over two weeks. The evacuation takes place with the assistance of the Lebanese Red Cross.

\_this day in full \_on this day

\_what the books add

Aoun lost almost all his helicopters when the Lebanese Forces, as a diversion, besieged the Adma base in Kisrawan; the outnumbered commandos held out until a deal let them leave armed (Hanf).

February 25, 1990sunday
The Baroness, a civilian ship transporting passengers from Cyprus to the Eastern regions, is attacked resulting in 1 death and 25 injured. The attackers remain unidentified and the liaison between Jounieh and Larnaca is temporarily interrupted.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 1, 1990friday
Lakhdar Ibrahimi is again in Beirut to launch a series of intensive dialogues.

\_this day in full the books also date it 11 July 1990 \_on this day

June 3, 1990sunday
A peaceful walk on the road of Nahr el Kalb, grouping religious personalities ends dramatically. Pierre Chbat, the L.B.C's cameraman, is killed.

\_this day in full \_on this day

June 12, 1990tuesday
Patriarch Sfeir, accompanied by Mgr Puente, visit President Hraoui. This visit is the first one since the election of the former.

\_this day in full \_on this day

September 6, 1990thursday
7 deaths due to cholera are reported in Northern Lebanon.

\_this day in full \_on this day

September 27, 1990thursday
The blockade against the Eastern region gets tougher and tougher. The goal is proclaimed: force General Aoun to give up before schools reopen.

\_this day in full the books also date it 28 September 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Hanf notes the blockade had little support even outside the enclave, as civilians rather than Aoun's soldiers bore it. On 28 September 1990, he records, Lahoud's troops tightened it by taking every checkpoint around Aoun's area; Aoun's followers protested daily there and at Baabda.

November 5, 1990monday
The Damascus agreement between the Hezbollah and Amal is a copy of the one agreed upon on January 30th 1989. The cease-fire takes effect in the Iqlim-el-Touffah.

\_this day in full the books also date it 6 November 1990, 9 November 1990 \_on this day

\_what the books add

Sources differ on dates. Picard has Damascus and Tehran imposing an Amal–Hezbollah ceasefire on 6 November 1990; de Clerck and Malsagne date the inter-Shi'i accord signed in Damascus to 9 November and, with Aoun's fall, treat it as formally ending the 'civil' war. Hanf says both movements withdrew their fighters from Iqlim al-Tuffah after drawn-out Syrian and Iranian mediation. That final round began in December 1989 (de Clerck and Malsagne, Confluences) or, in Hezbollah's official version, in July 1990, with an Amal siege of nearly 100 days.

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