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chronologiesall The road to war 1968–1974 The Lebanese war 1975–1990 After the war 1991–2005 July 2006, as the books tell it 2006 Since 2005 2005–2025

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18 entries on 18 dates · the books disagree on 18

June 1975

Tuesday, 24 June 1975

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

A third round of fighting begins between Christian militias and Palestinians.
Christian militias and Palestinian fighters began a third round, which took fighting beyond Beirut to Damour, Sidon, Zahleh and Tripoli.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne's own narrative dates the third round to the end of July.

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July 1975

Wednesday, 2 July 1975

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Al-Qaa, a Christian village of the northern Bekaa, comes under attack.
Several villagers were killed and houses and fields burned when gunmen besieged al-Qaa, a Christian village by the Syrian border. De Clerck and Malsagne date the Christian exodus from the northern Bekaa from this attack. Amal fighters from neighbouring villages later shielded al-Qaa and other Christian villages.

Sources differ: Attackers: fedayeen (Tegho Bou Nassif), local Shiites (de Clerck and Malsagne), or Fatah, Saiqa, SSNP, Communists and a Shiite clan (Hanf). Dead: 5 or 7. Hanf places the attack before the Karami cabinet was formed (late June).

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March 1976

Wednesday, 24 March 1976

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Israel sets the 'red lines' for a Syrian intervention.
An Israeli memorandum of 24 March 1976 barred any Syrian force above brigade strength or movement over 10 km south of the Beirut-Damascus road. On 23 March Israel had told Washington it would take strategic positions in Lebanon if Syria intervened.

Sources differ: Traboulsi adds that Israel publicly set the Litani as the red line on 21 April.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 23 March 1976

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April 1976

Friday, 2 April 1976

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

A ten-day truce had bee decided, in order to elect a new President of the Republic after the expected departure of Sleiman Frangieh.

What the books addParliament used the truce to amend Article 73 of the constitution so that Frangieh's successor could be elected early: on 9 April according to Hanf, 10 April according to Yara El Khoury. The truce had coincided with the arrival on 31 March of the US envoy Dean Brown.

Other dates in the books: Wednesday, 31 March 1976, Friday, 9 April 1976, Saturday, 10 April 1976

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April 1981

Thursday, 2 April 1981

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The battle of Zahleh begins.
From December 1980 the Syrian army held positions on the edge of Zahleh. Lebanese Forces fighters in the town repulsed its attack, and a siege of roughly 90 days followed, which Bashir Gemayel portrayed as a fight for 'the last Christian town' of the East.

Sources differ: Ménargues ends the siege on 30 June 1981 and Fisk by 1 July; de Clerck & Malsagne (p. 80) place the end of hostilities in May–June.

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Friday, 24 April 1981

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Syrian helicopter-borne troops seize the summit of Mount Sannine.
Helicopter-borne Syrian special forces overran the Lebanese Forces' posts on Sannine's crest, among them the 'French Room', a mountain post the French built in 1939. Holding Sannine let the Syrians dominate the Christian region down to the coast. Israel's air strike of 28 April followed.

Sources differ: The date is disputed: 24 April (Ménargues), 26 April (Hanf), 21 April for a first landing and 27 April for the fort (Phalangists quoted by Fisk). Ménargues gives the most detail (hour, units, commander), but he relies heavily on Lebanese Forces sources.

Other dates in the books: Tuesday, 21 April 1981, Sunday, 26 April 1981

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July 1981

Friday, 24 July 1981

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Philip Habib finally succeeded in his mission. A cease-fire was reached and accepted by both the Israelis and the Palestinians.

What the books addThe cease-fire came from separate talks with Israel and the PLO, helped by Saudi diplomats (Hanf), with the UN relaying to the PLO (Ménargues, Fisk). Border fire was to stop; Syria could keep its Bekaa missiles unused, and Israeli overflights continued. In Ménargues's account a last Israeli demand held up Israel's public acceptance for two days.

Other date in the books: Friday, 17 July 1981

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November 1981

Monday, 2 November 1981

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Arab Strike Force launched a security operation in the West of the capital where Palestinian, Libyan and Iranian influence multiplied lately.

Other date in the books: Friday, 11 September 1981

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July 1982

Saturday, 24 July 1982

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Bechir Gemayel announced his candidacy for the presidency of the Republic.

What the books addBashir Gemayel announced his candidacy on 24 July on the Kataeb radio Voice of Lebanon, introduced by his brother Amine (Ménargues; Hanf gives 25 July). The Lebanese Front had already endorsed him on 26 May.

Other dates in the books: Wednesday, 26 May 1982, Sunday, 25 July 1982

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August 1982

Monday, 2 August 1982

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Israel launches a major offensive against West Beirut.
By Israel's own figure, the opening 48 hours of non-stop bombardment came to 280,000 shells and bombs. Palestinian fighters and their allies then held its columns at the Museum, the port and Bir Hassan.

Sources differ: Original event 585 is dated 1 August; Fisk describes the peak of the bombardment on 4 August.

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September 1982

Friday, 24 September 1982

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The French contingent of the multinational force arrived in Beirut; the Americans and Italians were on their way too.

Other date in the books: Sunday, 26 September 1982

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October 1983

Monday, 24 October 1983

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The French President Mitterand made a quick visit to Beirut and declared: ' We will stay'.

What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne note that no French president had visited Lebanon since independence before Mitterrand's trip.

Other date in the books: Sunday, 23 October 1983

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January 1984

Monday, 2 January 1984

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The year started like the previous one ended : everyone was talking about a new security plan for the mountain and the Southern suburbs of Beirut. Nevertheless, the fights continued intermittently in these regions between the Army and the Lebanese Forces on one side and the Progressive Socialist Party and Amal on the other.

What the books addOn 29 January the Druze resumed attacking the army at Souk al-Gharb, after Shi'i militia sniping at the army and French troops from mid-January, Hanf's next escalation.

Other date in the books: Sunday, 29 January 1984

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February 1984

Thursday, 2 February 1984

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The schools closed their doors in the Eastern sector of the capital due to the blind shelling of Beirut and its suburbs.

Other date in the books: Wednesday, 1 February 1984

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November 1986

Monday, 24 November 1986

The Lebanese war · Added from the books range

Palestinian fighters take Maghdousheh; the village changes hands three times.
Some residents of Maghdousheh, a Christian village, were evacuated as it changed hands: PLO fighters from the Sidon camps took it on 24 November, Amal on the 25th, the PLO on the 26th.

Sources differ: Entry 960 dates the fighting to 25 November.

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December 1986

Wednesday, 24 December 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Aurel Cornea, one of the Antenne 2 journalists kidnapped on June 21, was released by the Organization of Revolutionary Justice.

What the books addThe Antenne 2 crew was kidnapped on 8 March 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne), not on 21 June.

Other date in the books: Saturday, 8 March 1986

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May 1989

Tuesday, 2 May 1989

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Aoun recasts his 'war of liberation' as a diplomatic campaign; Syrian shelling starts again.
Within a week Syrian shelling of the enclave was back at full intensity; Hanf says Syria and its allies kept the Arab League ceasefire only a few days. Aoun, having accepted it, recast his war as a diplomatic struggle.

Sources differ: Hanf gives 2 May both for Aoun's statement and for the renewed shelling; the shelling date may be a misprint.

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November 1989

Friday, 24 November 1989

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Elias Hraoui is elected President of the Republic by an Assembly reunited at the Chtaura Park Hotel, on the eve of the National Funerals of the defunct President.

What the books addHanf: Elias Hrawi, the only candidate, won on the second ballot with 47 votes of the 53 deputies present, 5 abstaining, under Syrian protection; at the same sitting parliament gave itself four more years. Speaker Husseini had gone to Damascus on the night of 22 November. Traboulsi's chronology places the election on 22 November.

Other date in the books: Wednesday, 22 November 1989

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