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The Lebanese war, 1986

by year · by dates · timeline · 1975–1990

77 original entries, 20 added from the books, 83 days.

original 111101 entry added from the books

January
113141516212326
February
1312171824
March
45892126272829
April
489101117192021
May
3891015212326
June
1316202428
July
341419262829
August
1810111419
September
241012171823252729
October
16212530
November
25102425
December
2513192426

Wednesday, 1 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

It is a bad beginning of the year for the Lebanese Forces. A conflict emerged within the party, causing exchanges of rockets and gunshots in Zalka and Nahr El Mott. Ten persons were killed or wounded. The signature by Elie Hobeika of the tripartite agreement in Damascus, triggered the fight.
What the books addHanf says that once the Tripartite Agreement had been signed, on 28 December 1985, Hobeika turned Lebanese Forces units against militias loyal to President Gemayel and the Kataeb.

Monday, 13 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

13 hours of combats and military operations opposed the Phalangists, followers of the President of the Republic, to Elie Hobeika and his men. The Army intervened to separate the belligerents.

Tuesday, 14 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The eleventh Gemayel-Assad summit was a total failure.
What the books addFor Gemayel, says Traboulsi, the accord robbed the presidency of its arbitrating role; they last met on 13-14 January 1986.

Wednesday, 15 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

In eight hours of violent fights, 100 persons were killed, and the chief of staff of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea, evinced Elie Hobeika sending him into exile.
What the books addHistorians date Geagea's takeover to 15 January 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne; Picard's chronology dates Gemayel's rejection of the accord to the same day). Traboulsi's narrative gives 12 March 1986 instead. De Clerck and Malsagne put the dead at about 800, far above the 100 given here. Hobeika was flown out by army helicopter after an army mediation backed by the patriarch, was briefly exiled in France, then settled in Zahle under Syrian protection.

Thursday, 16 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Confrontations started on the Northern Metn front. The shells kept falling intermittently during several months on Bickfaya, the Metn and the Kesrouan. The population in these regions was living in the fear of car bombs and blind bombardments.
What the books addHanf dates the main offensive, by SSNP fighters with Syrian support toward Bikfaya (at Douar and on the Baskinta-Bikfaya road), to the second half of February; it was stopped by the Lebanese army.

Tuesday, 21 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A car bomb exploded in Furn El Chebback. An entire street of over 100 meters was devastated, 30 persons were killed, and 132 others were wounded.

Thursday, 23 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Lebanese Pound registered a fast decline. A new record was broken when the Dollar was being exchanged for 24 Lebanese Pounds.

Sunday, 26 January 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Lebanese radical opposition called President Gemayel to resign.
What the books addHanf writes that Prime Minister Karami joined Jumblatt and Berri in boycotting cabinet sessions chaired by Gemayel, whose resignation the two had demanded after the Tripartite Agreement failed.

Saturday, 1 February 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A delegation from the Union of Independent Maronite Deputies visited Damascus in an effort to reestablish the dialogue between the Christians and Syria.

Monday, 3 February 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Death hit once again. A bomb hidden in a suitcase exploded in Jdeideh killing four persons and wounding 22 others.

Wednesday, 12 February 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A bomb exploded in Ain El Remmaneh next to the entrance of a building where a Phalange Party office was located. Two persons lost their lives and 17 others were injured.

Monday, 17 February 1986

Added from the books

Two Israeli soldiers are captured at Beit Yahoun in South Lebanon.
At Beit Yahoun, a South Lebanese village, two Israeli soldiers were captured.

Tuesday, 18 February 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

President Gemayel met French President Miterrand and Pope John Paul II in the Vatican. He also met King Hassan II of Morocco.

Monday, 24 February 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Islamists killed a communist leader, Souheil Tawileh, in Mazraa. Four days earlier, another communist leader, Khalil Nous, was assassinated. Meanwhile, terrorist-killing attempts continued in the Eastern regions. A car bomb exploded on the Salomeh intersection, causing 4 dead and 16 injured.
What the books addPicard places the wave of killings of Communist and pro-Iraqi Baath leaders in January 1986.

Tuesday, 4 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Artillery duels were raging between the Eastern and Western sectors of the capital, killing tens of persons, and wounding hundreds.

Wednesday, 5 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Islamic Jihad announced the execution of Michel Seurat. The French sociologist was kidnapped on the 22nd of May at the same time as the journalist Jean-Paul Kauffmann.
What the books addSeurat and Kauffmann were taken on the airport road on 22 May 1985. Fisk says Seurat died of cancer in captivity, his kidnappers claiming an 'execution' with a photograph of the body. Imad Mughniyeh is suspected of a direct role (Aurélie Daher, in Confluences); Hezbollah's leaders always denied it.
Art and memory
  • book Historians of the war still rely on Michel Seurat's study of Tripoli's Bab al-Tebbaneh district.

Saturday, 8 March 1986

Added from the books

Four Antenne 2 journalists are kidnapped in Beirut's southern suburbs.
The Revolutionary Justice Organisation claimed the abduction of a four-man crew from the French television channel Antenne 2.

Sources differ: Entry 905 (Text field) gives 9 March; entry 965 gives 21 June.

Sunday, 9 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The black series continued. Terrorism hit this time Jeetaoui where a car bomb killed 3 persons and wounded 40 others.
Four French journalists from Antenne 2 were kidnapped in Bir El Abed.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the kidnapping of the Antenne 2 crew to 8 March 1986. It was claimed by the "Revolutionary Justice Organisation".

Friday, 21 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A sad gift for mother's day in the mountain: shells fell on 20 villages in the Metn and the Kesrouan. Violent combats were reported in the mountain, killing 3 and injuring 21 persons on this 'usual' day.

Wednesday, 26 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A car stuffed with explosives and inflammable material exploded in Achrafieh, while a timing bomb ravaged a Phalangist office in Tahouita. Together, the two explosions killed 10 persons and wounded 80 others. The bombardment of the Eastern regions continued in the meantime.

Thursday, 27 March 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

After the Fatah claimed responsibility for the Katioucha shots on Kiryat Shmona, the Israeli aviation attacked the camps of Mieh Mieh and Ain El Heloueh. Ten persons were killed and 30 others were wounded.

Friday, 28 March 1986

Added from the books

Two British teachers are kidnapped in Hamra.
Outside a Makhoul Street nightclub, armed men abducted Leigh Douglas and Philip Padfield, British teachers. Their bodies were found in mid-April.

Saturday, 29 March 1986

Friday, 4 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The 45 French observers in charge of observing the dividing lines in Beirut and in the Mountain, left Lebanon. Their departure was probably due to political changes in France.
What the books addHanf cites the observers' heavy casualties and a ceasefire nobody respected, which left them nothing to do.

Tuesday, 8 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Suddenly, horror hit the heart of Jounieh. A car bomb exploded killing 11 persons and wounding 89 others, spreading an indescribable panic and ravaging four residential buildings.

Wednesday, 9 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A French teacher from the Collge Protestant Franais, Michel Brian, was kidnapped in Hamra, thus increasing the number of French nationals held hostages in Lebanon to 9.
Mgr Achille Silvestrini, the special envoy of Pope John Paul II, arrived in Lebanon to meet Lebanese and Syrian leaders, in an effort to end the crisis in the country. He left on April 14 after having partially failed in his mission.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date Mgr Silvestrini's mission to March 1986 and consider that it overreached, showing the limits of Vatican influence.

Thursday, 10 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

There are no limits for barbarian crimes. A car bomb exploded in Saida killing three persons and wounding 35 others.

Friday, 11 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The French teacher, Michel Brian, kidnapped on April 7, was released in the Bekaa. Another Irish teacher, Brian Kenaan was kidnapped in West Beirut. To protest against the kidnapping of foreign professors, schools and universities in West Beirut went on strike on April 14.
Art and memory
  • book Anne Maguire's For Brian's Sake tells how Brian Keenan's sisters campaigned for his release.

Thursday, 17 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The British teachers John Leigh Douglas and Philip Ralph Patfield, kidnapped on the 28th of March 1986, were executed and their bodies were thrown on the Roueissat-Sofar road. A cameraman, John McCarthy, was kidnapped on the Beirut International Airport road. An extremist organization announced the hanging of Alec Colett, a British journalist who was working at the UNRWA. The dead body of Peter Kilburn, librarian at the AUB, who was kidnapped on the 3rd of December 1984, was also found. Furthermore, the British embassy in Zokak EL Blatt was partially destroyed and burned by rocket shots.
What the books addFisk: Libyan agents in Beirut had bought Kilburn and both British teachers from freelance kidnappers; the deaths were reported the night of the US raid on Libya.
Art and memory
  • book John McCarthy and Brian Keenan, held together in Beirut, later wrote Between Extremes together, about a journey they had planned while in captivity; it is listed in 111101's References.

Saturday, 19 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Maronite Church had a new Patriarch in the person of Mgr Nasrallah Sfeir. A triple task was waiting for him. He had to reinstate the authority of the church, clean up the inter-religious relations, and reconcile the executive power with Syria.
What the books addHanf dates Sfeir's election to April 1986 and notes that the Lebanese Forces had lobbied for a more hard-line churchman.

Sunday, 20 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

38 Westerners including 35 British left Beirut. By the end of April, all Western nationals had left West Beirut fearing to be kidnapped or killed.
What the books addSome Westerners stayed: Fisk counts four Western journalists still working in West Beirut.
Art and memory
  • testimony Robert Fisk's Pity the Nation describes 1986 in West Beirut from inside the fear of kidnapping, when only four Western journalists remained.

Monday, 21 April 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A serious outburst of violence plunged Beirut and its surroundings back into the anguish of blind bombardments. 4 persons were killed and 53 were injured.

Saturday, 3 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

While the bombardments continued in Beirut and its suburbs, the army closed all crossing points for security reasons, except the road of Hadeth Mreyjeh. Beirut was cut into two.

Thursday, 8 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Starting this date, Lebanon was on the black list of terrorist countries put together by the European Community ad hoc commission. This was due to the activist bases and kidnappings that were taking place in the country.

Friday, 9 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The opening of the airport of Halate caused discontent in the country. A few minutes after President Gemayel's airplane landed in Halate coming from a three-day trip in Tunisia, the airport was severely bombed.

Saturday, 10 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Syrian President Hafez El Assad examined the possibility of modifying the tripartite agreement signed in December 1985. This treaty was one of the fundamental causes of the political and military crisis that was ravaging the country since January 15.

Thursday, 15 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A general strike was observed in universities and schools in West Beirut, to protest against repeated aggressions against teachers.

Wednesday, 21 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

On the eve of the meeting in Dar El Fatwa between the Maronite Patriarch Nasrallah Sfeir and the Mufti of the Republic Sheikh Hassan Khaled, artillerymen unleashed their guns, killing 30 persons and wounding 60 others. The meeting was postponed.
What the books addAccording to Hanf, the postponed meeting took place in June, in West Beirut.

Friday, 23 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A new car bomb exploded in Sin El Fil early in the morning, when the schools were opening their doors. Seven persons were killed, 111 were wounded, and 3 had disappeared. A serious gas shortage hit West Beirut while the bombardments continued in both sectors of the capital.

Monday, 26 May 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

While the schools were closed to protest against the situation, a bomb exploded in Dora, killing a mother and her child and wounding seven persons. The conflict between the Lebanese Forces and Damascus reached its paroxysm while the camp war between Amal and the Palestinians clamed more victims.

Friday, 13 June 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Muslim leaders agreed with Damascus upon the replacement of militias by regular Lebanese forces. Karameh who was back from Damascus presented the resignation of his government.
What the books addHanf records no resignation by Karami in 1986. He says Karami resisted calls to resign that autumn and resigned only on 4 May 1987.

Monday, 16 June 1986

Friday, 20 June 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Two French hostages, Philippe Rochot and Georges Hansen were released.
Art and memory
  • testimony The 1986 Albert Londres broadcast prize went to Philippe Rochot of Antenne 2, who had been held hostage in Lebanon.

Tuesday, 24 June 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A buffer force from the Lebanese Army deployed around the Palestinian camps. Calm was back for good on June 28.
What the books addHanf says the army units around the camps were backed by a Syrian battalion.

Saturday, 28 June 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The army and the Internal Security Forces deployed in West Beirut supported by civilian Syrian observers.

Thursday, 3 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Lebanese General Confederation of Workers called for a strike to protest against the increase in prices.
What the books addThe labour confederation's 1986 strikes began a run of ever more political protests against the war (Hanf, de Clerck and Malsagne, Traboulsi).

Friday, 4 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

200 Commandos of the special Syrian forces helped the Lebanese Army and the Internal Security Forces to maintain security in Beirut.

Monday, 14 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Israeli aviation launched a raid on Baissour, Aitate, and Chemlane. The target was PSP, PFLP, and DFLP positions; 5 persons died and 11 were injured in the operation.

Saturday, 19 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A killing attempt was perpetrated against a bus transporting AUB students and employees from West to East Beirut. Four dead including three students and five wounded including two doctors were reported. This massacre constituted a challenge to the pacification plan.

Saturday, 26 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Father Martin Lawrence Jenco, a US Catholic cleric, was released. The Islamic Jihad had kidnapped him in January 1985.
Art and memory
  • book Father Lawrence Martin Jenco described his captivity in Bound to Forgive.

Monday, 28 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A bomb set in a Mercedes car exploded in Ain El Remmaneh killing 31 persons and injuring 128 others. How long will innocents of all religions be paying the price of a war that had lasted for too long?

Tuesday, 29 July 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Death hit this time in Barbir. 22 dead and 163 wounded victims were reported. The helplessness of the Lebanese was pitiful.

Friday, 1 August 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

While inviting Syria to pursue its initiative in Lebanon, President Gemayel proposed to open a dialog within the Parliament.

Friday, 8 August 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

After three explosions in Dora, Jal el Dib and Bourj Hammoud, terrorism moved to Tarik Jdideh where a car bomb killed 13 persons and wounded 106 others.

Added from the books

France ends its helicopter evacuation flights from Beirut.
Paris halted the Olifant missions in August 1986 and the embassy was simply told on 8 August. From summer 1982 the French navy helicopters had evacuated 1,872 French and other Westerners.

Sunday, 10 August 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Rival factions from the Lebanese Forces fought in the Eastern regions. The previous commander of the Lebanese Forces, Fouad Abounader was injured in Dora.

Monday, 11 August 1986

Thursday, 14 August 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A car parked next to a hospital in Dora exploded killing 24 persons and wounding 84 others. No words were sufficient anymore to denounce the massacres that spared no one and reduced human beings to a chess pawn on a chess game where the players did not respect any rule and were manipulated by nothing else then hatred.

Tuesday, 19 August 1986

Tuesday, 2 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The first meeting of the Dialog Committee was held at the Beirut racecourse. The ten members of the government met for the first time since November 1985. The Ministers decided to elaborate a new National Pact.
What the books addThe meetings produced no agreement (Hanf).

Thursday, 4 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The war against Westerners had new targets now. It was the turn of UNIFL soldiers to be aggressed. Three French Blue Helmets were killed in Jouaya in South Lebanon. The UN Security Council called for urgent security measures in favor of the UNIFL.

Wednesday, 10 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Islamic Jihad kidnapped Frank Reed, director of the Lebanese International College and Victor Kanho, governor of the Lion's Club in Lebanon and Jordan.
What the books addFisk dates Frank Reed's kidnapping to 9 September.

Friday, 12 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Another US national, James Cicippio was kidnapped on the AUB campus, therefore raising the number of Americans kidnapped to 6.

Wednesday, 17 September 1986

Added from the books

A bomb in rue de Rennes in Paris kills seven people.
The rue de Rennes bombing, one of the September 1986 attacks in Paris, killed 7 and wounded 55. Its authors wanted French support for Iraq ended and Lebanese militants tried in France freed.

Thursday, 18 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

While a terrorist vague submerged France, the French military attaché, Christian Goutierre was assassinated in Mar Takla.
What the books addHe was shot in the head 25 m from the ambassador's office, a day after the rue de Rennes attack in Paris (7 dead, 55 wounded).

Tuesday, 23 September 1986

Added from the books

The UN Security Council votes Resolution 587.
The Security Council adopted Resolution 587.

Thursday, 25 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The UNIFL Blue Helmets repositioned themselves; they occupied three out of the 32 positions they were initially occupying.

Saturday, 27 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

500 fighters led by Elie Hobeika entered Achrafieh where they fought ferociously with Geagea's men. The Lebanese Forces and the army rebuffed the infiltration. 65 persons lost their lives in the operation while 200 others were wounded.
What the books addDates differ: 27 September (de Clerck and Malsagne), 29 September (Hanf), or by 26 September (Ménargues). Hanf has the Lebanese army halting an attack launched across the green line from West Beirut, after which former comrades killed a few hundred of Hobeika's men.

Monday, 29 September 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Colonel Khalil Kanaan was assassinated in his home in Hazmieh. A French journalist, Jean-Marc Sroussi, was kidnapped in the Southern suburbs of Beirut.

Thursday, 16 October 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

During a raid against Palestinian positions, an Israeli F16 was shot in Saida. One of the two Israeli pilots was captured while Israel saved the second in a helicopter operation.

Tuesday, 21 October 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Hussein Husseini was reelected Speaker of the National Assembly. A seventh US national, Edward Tracy was kidnapped in West Beirut.

Saturday, 25 October 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Camps War opposing Amal to the Palestinians spread to Saida.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne begin the third camps war in late September 1986 with fighting around Rashidiyeh near Tyre; Hanf dates Amal's siege of Rashidieh to October.

Thursday, 30 October 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Lebanese Pound reached a historical exchange rate record with the dollar. One dollar was equivalent to 52.25 to 53 Lebanese Pounds.

Sunday, 2 November 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

An American, David Jacobsen, detained by the Islamic Jihad since the 27th of May 1985, was finally released.
What the books addFisk's account puts the kidnapping on 28 May 1985.

Wednesday, 5 November 1986

Monday, 10 November 1986

Monday, 24 November 1986

Added from the books range

Palestinian fighters take Maghdousheh; the village changes hands three times.
Some residents of Maghdousheh, a Christian village, were evacuated as it changed hands: PLO fighters from the Sidon camps took it on 24 November, Amal on the 25th, the PLO on the 26th.

Sources differ: Entry 960 dates the fighting to 25 November.

Tuesday, 25 November 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The armed conflict between Amal and the Palestinians spread to Maghdoucheh. Ferocious combats took place in this Christian strategic town. Ultimately, it fell partially in the hands of Palestinians and its residents were forced to flee from their homes.
What the books addHanf: the PLO took Maghdousheh on 24 November, lost it to Amal on the 25th and retook it on the 26th. De Clerck and Malsagne say the aim was to forestall an attack on Ain el-Helweh; Amal answered by besieging the southern camps and pressing the Beirut ones harder.

Tuesday, 2 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

A general strike paralyzed the country. The Lebanese were unable to cope with the increase in prices. The leaders couldn't find any solution to the crisis. The popular discontent was on the rise.

Friday, 5 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Abou Melhem died. The great TV comedian, whose real name was Adib Haddad, became famous for playing, for many years, the character of a villager famous for his common sense. The grandfather of all the Lebanese had disappeared.

Saturday, 13 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The Camps Car continued. After ten hours of violent combats, the Chatila camp was 90% destroyed and tens of deaths were reported.
What the books addTyphoid broke out in besieged Chatila during this third camps war.

Friday, 19 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Violent combats opposed in Tripoli the Syrian Army to Islamist militiamen. The fights made 12 dead and 35 injuries. The Syrian Army launched an Islamists hunting at the end of which one of the major leaders of the Islamic Unification Movement was arrested.
What the books addPicard puts the toll of the December 1986 Syrian bombardment of Tripoli at more than 100 dead.

Wednesday, 24 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

Aurel Cornea, one of the Antenne 2 journalists kidnapped on June 21, was released by the Organization of Revolutionary Justice.
What the books addThe Antenne 2 crew was kidnapped on 8 March 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne), not on 21 June.

Friday, 26 December 1986

111101 entry in the original chronology

The dollar crossed the 80 Lebanese Pounds threshold. It continued its rise to reach the fateful three digit numbers. According to statistics, consumer products had increased by 204% in a year and the Lebanese Pound had depreciated by 365%.
What the books addHistorians give lower figures for 1986: retail inflation of 162 per cent (Hanf, after the central bank) or a 95 per cent rise in Beirut consumer prices, and a 134 per cent devaluation of the pound (de Clerck and Malsagne).

1986: day not established

1986 (after January)

Added from the books

Hobeika regroups in Zahle under Syrian protection.
With Syrian help, Hobeika, back via Damascus from a brief exile in France, gathered his supporters in the Bekaa and West Beirut. Syria based him and several hundred men in Zahle, as one of its Christian clients (Picard).

second half of 1986

Added from the books

The PLO and the Christian camp become tacit allies against Syria and Amal.
Gemayel renewed travel documents for 70,000 Palestinians, and PLO weapons and fighters reached the Beirut and southern camps with Lebanese Forces help.

1986

Added from the books

The trade unions lead demonstrations against the war.
The CGTL labour confederation, Christian and Muslim alike, called nationwide strikes against the war, the militias and the fall in living standards, and demanded an economic rescue plan.

Sources differ: Hanf says 1986 saw the confederation's first strike; Haugbolle dates its first national strike to 1985.

1986

Added from the books

The pound collapses and wages lose their value.
In 1986 the pound lost more than half its value against the dollar and prices roughly doubled or more; by the end of the year the minimum wage bought 13 per cent of what it did in 1974.

Sources differ: Inflation for 1986: 162 per cent (Hanf, retail prices) or 95 per cent (de Clerck and Malsagne, Beirut consumer prices); entry 966 gives 204 per cent.

1986

Added from the books

The toll of 1986.
Abou Rjaily and Labaki, quoted by Hanf, count 2,668 dead and 7,237 wounded for 1986. A quarter of that year's dead fell in the camps war and another quarter in clashes between militias of the same confessional bloc.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne count about 800 victims of the Lebanese Forces' internal fighting alone in 1986.

late January 1986

Added from the books

Syria's allies boycott President Gemayel; the cabinet stops meeting.
Jumblatt, Berri, Prime Minister Karami and Selim al-Hoss refused to attend cabinet sessions chaired by Gemayel, whom Syria and its Lebanese allies boycotted after the Tripartite Agreement collapsed; the cabinet went months without meeting.

January 1986

Added from the books

A wave of assassinations targets Communist and pro-Iraqi Baath leaders.
Assassins killed a number of leading figures in the Lebanese Communist Party and the pro-Iraqi Baath.

Sources differ: Entry 902 places the killing of the Communist leaders Khalil Nous and Souheil Tawileh in late February.

late February 1986

Added from the books

Syrian-backed attacks on the Metn are stopped by the Lebanese army.
Late in February 1986 the army stopped two Syrian-backed SSNP attacks towards Bikfaya, at Douar and on the Baskinta road. A Syrian push on the northern edge of the Christian region failed too. Earlier that month Syrian guns had shelled East Beirut irregularly.

Sources differ: Entry 894 dates the start of fighting on the northern Metn front to 16 January.

May-June 1986

Added from the books

The second camps war between Amal and the PLO.
Amal and the Palestinians fought their second camps war in Beirut in May and June, pausing when army units with a Syrian battalion ringed Chatila and Bourj al-Barajneh late in June.

Sources differ: Hanf has fighting over the Beirut camps starting again as early as March and April 1986.

early June 1986

Added from the books

Amal storms Tarik al-Jdideh.
Residents of Tarik al-Jdideh suffered reprisals after Amal's assault on the Sunni district: the Sixth of February Movement, based there and funded by Arafat's PLO, lost a street battle along with its PSP allies. De Clerck and Malsagne say that year's fighting drove the last Christians out of West Beirut.

June 1986

Added from the books

Patriarch Sfeir meets the Mufti in West Beirut.
Christian and Muslim ministers resumed their consultations, and the newly elected Maronite Patriarch went to West Beirut to meet the Sunni Mufti.

Sources differ: Entry 924 says the meeting set for 22 May was postponed.

late September 1986

Added from the books

The third camps war begins in the south around Rashidiyeh.
Supplies reached the blockaded camps of Rashidiyeh (some 17,000 people), Bourj al-Barajneh and Chatila sporadically; Amal's siege of Rashidiyeh failed.

Sources differ: Hanf dates Amal's siege of Rashidieh to October.

December 1986

Added from the books

France withdraws much of its UNIFIL contingent.
Maintenance and defence units replaced much of the French UNIFIL contingent, 1,390 strong in June, which was withdrawn after a year of repeated and often fatal clashes with Amal.