61 entries on 53 dates · the books disagree on 17
November 1972
Saturday, 11 November 1972
The road to war · From the books
Police fire on Ghandour strikers, killing two.
Two workers died on 11 November 1972 when security forces opened fire outside Ghandour's Chiyah plant: Fatima al-Khawaja of the Communist Party and Yusuf al-Attar of the OCA's workers' committees. Others were wounded. De Clerck & Malsagne call it the first workers' protest since independence put down with deadly force.
Sources differ: Wounded: 14 (Traboulsi) or 19, including 13 policemen (de Clerck & Malsagne).
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January 1975
Saturday, 11 January 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Patriarch Meouchi died
The 70th Maronite patriarch of Antioch and the Middle East died of a hart attack. He was 81 years old.
Other date in the books: Monday, 3 February 1975
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March 1976
Thursday, 11 March 1976
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
After a day marked by the resignation of Rachid Karameh and the aggravation of the war of barracks in Tripoli, a military Coup was executed by Corporal Aziz Ahdab, commanding the place of Beirut. Corporal Ahdab was supported by the Commander of the army, 270 loyalist officers, Syria, and the Palestine Liberation Army. He claimed the resignation of Sleiman Frangieh, but the President refused to give up and locked himself in Baabda.
What the books addOn 11 March Brigadier-General Aziz al-Ahdab, Beirut garrison commander (retired, says Traboulsi), seized the television station, named himself interim military governor and called for Frangieh's resignation and an early election. Few troops stood behind him and Syria opposed him: on 15 March PLA and Saiqa units under Syrian control blocked his men and Khatib's Lebanese Arab Army on their way to Baabda. Backed by Chamoun, Gemayel and President Assad, Frangieh refused to go.
Other date in the books: Monday, 15 March 1976
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July 1976
November 1976
Thursday, 11 November 1976
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
For the second time in 6 months, the leader of the National Bloc, Raymond Eddeh, escaped from a killing attempt in front of his home.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne report that Eddé went into exile in Paris after surviving three attempts on his life, one of them outside his home.
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April 1977
Monday, 11 April 1977
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Colonel Sami Khatib was appointed commander of the Arab Strike Force.
What the books addSami al-Khatib took over the ADF from Ahmad al-Hajj, who never won Syria's trust, and led it until 1983.
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October 1977
March 1978
Saturday, 11 March 1978
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A Fatah commando lands near Haifa and hijacks a bus on the coastal road; 37 Israelis are killed.
Nine Fatah gunmen from Lebanon came ashore near Haifa, shot several people on a beach and seized a bus, which they drove towards Tel Aviv. All nine and many of the passengers died when Israeli troops halted it; the Israeli toll was 37. Three days later Israel invaded South Lebanon.
Sources differ: Hanf dates the attack to 14 March and gives 34 dead; Fisk and Quéméner give 37 dead. Fisk's 11 March agrees with de Clerck and Malsagne's 'three days' before 14 March, but Fisk calls it a Sunday, whereas 11 March 1978 was a Saturday.
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 14 March 1978
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April 1978
Tuesday, 11 April 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Violent fights were reported on the axis Chyah-Ain el Remmaneh. The Arab Strike Force intervened, bombing violently Ain el Remmaneh and establishing a 500-meter wide buffer zone.
What the books addBy now Syria was fighting on the Palestinians' side. Hanf says the clashes ended once the Arab Deterrent Force's Saudi and Sudanese contingents deployed between Chiyah and Ain el-Remmaneh.
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May 1978
Thursday, 11 May 1978
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Sleiman Frangieh leaves the Lebanese Front.
The Lebanese Front's links with Israel led former president Sleiman Frangieh to quit it, costing the Front its hold on the Christian north.
Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne (p. 288) also date his withdrawal to after the Ehden killings, which would be later in June.
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December 1978
May 1979
June 1979
July 1980
Friday, 11 July 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
In order to reach an agreement with the Phalange Party, Camille Chamoun requested the restitution of the NLP's posts and armaments as well as the return to the Status Quo. Dany Chamoun visited President Sleiman Frangieh.
What the books addHanf: Dany Chamoun left politics, but his father Camille, badly shaken by the loss of his party's militia, put the Lebanese Front's political unity first and remained its chairman.
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October 1980
May 1981
Monday, 11 May 1981
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Once again, the civil population of East and West Beirut was under siege. The criminal violence claimed the lives of 18 persons and injured another173. A war psychosis haunted the Bekaa region where the residents were fleeing from the areas next to the SAM anti-aircrafts missiles deployed by the Syrian forces, fearing a Syrian-Israeli confrontation.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Lebanese Forces agree to the reopening of Beirut airport.
On 11 May US ambassador John Gunther Dean asked the Lebanese Forces, who had been shelling Beirut airport, to allow it to reopen as a gesture that would help Habib's mission. By evening an LF statement had withdrawn their objection.
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September 1981
Friday, 11 September 1981
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Museum roadway was officially reopened after several days of shilly-shallying.
What the books addMénargues sets the agreement at the Vigilance Committee meeting of 11 September, where Syria's Mohammad Ghanem came out for deploying the Lebanese Army from Sodeco to the port. The Museum crossing, almost completely shut for five months, reopened on 12 September.
Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 September 1981
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May 1982
June 1982
Friday, 11 June 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
207 civilians died and 647 were wounded as a result of the Israeli barbarian operations.
What the books addRobert Fisk cites Red Cross and police counts of 9,583 killed and 16,608 wounded across Lebanon by 14 June; Israel's own civilian casualty figure for 4-21 June was 460. Hanf notes that the Syrian-Israeli ceasefire of 11 June excluded the PLO.
Other dates in the books: Friday, 4 June 1982, Monday, 14 June 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A ceasefire between Syria and Israel takes effect; it does not cover the PLO.
Under US pressure prompted by Moscow, Begin agreed a late-morning ceasefire with Syria, before his army reached the Beirut-Damascus road. Attacks on the Palestinians and the drive on Beirut continued.
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July 1982
September 1982
Saturday, 11 September 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Bashir Gemayel meets Saeb Salam, the leading Sunni figure of West Beirut.
Bashir Gemayel, now pledging to be president of all Lebanese and distancing himself from Israel, met Saeb Salam at Baabda; West Beirut's Sunni leaders proved ready to work with him.
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November 1982
Thursday, 11 November 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
An explosion destroys the Israeli military headquarters in Tyre.
Israel first suggested a gas leak. The eight-storey building had fallen in seconds; from its ruins came 75 Israeli dead, many from Shin Bet, and 15 Lebanese and Palestinian prisoners held there.
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January 1983
Tuesday, 11 January 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Bombs fell on Hadeth and Baabda. For the first time since the Israeli invasion in June 1982 and since the Multinational Force arrived in Beirut, the guns came closer to the capital as bombs fell on the suburbs of Hadeth, Baabda, Kfarchima and Bsaba killing 2 and injuring 9.
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February 1984
Saturday, 11 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
French porpoises and Internal Security forces took in charge the Museum crossing point.
What the books add'Porpoises' is a literal rendering of the French 'marsouins', the nickname of the French marine infantry (troupes de marine).
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June 1984
December 1984
January 1985
March 1985
Monday, 11 March 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Israelis attacked Zrariyeh claiming tens of victims and huge destructions. Many persons were also arrested.
What the books addA survivor told Fisk an Israeli officer at Zrariyeh shot a Lebanese soldier who had surrendered. Tanks ran over occupied cars; gunmen, women and old men died; and the departing soldiers painted 'This is the revenge of the Israeli army' on the square.
Art and memory- book Souha Taraf-Najib devoted a study to Zrariyé, the village attacked in March 1985: Zrariyé, village chiite du Liban-Sud (Cahiers du Cermoc no. 4, 1992).
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Samir Geagea is expelled from the Kataeb.
Samir Geagea was expelled from the Kataeb on 11 March for refusing the government's early-March order to dismantle the Barbara roadblock, manned by his northern militiamen; its tolls had been the Lebanese Forces' main income since Quay 5 was returned.
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April 1985
May 1985
June 1985
Tuesday, 11 June 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A Boeing of the Alia airlines was hijacked by a suicide commando called Moussa Sadr, requesting the evacuation of all Palestinian fighters from Beirut. The hostages were freed the next day and the airplane was dynamited at the Beirut International Airport.
What the books addAn American passenger was hijacked twice in a day, Fisk writes: moved from the Jordanian plane, which Amal gunmen set alight on the runway, onto an MEA Boeing that a Lebanese then seized in protest.
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August 1985
Sunday, 11 August 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Greater Beirut was violently bombarded with heavy artillery. Sixteen civilians were killed and 60 others were wounded.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Shia militias begin shelling Zahleh.
Shelled by Shia militias, the Lebanese Forces in Zahleh retaliated against the Shia villages nearby; they later pulled out under an arrangement brokered by Christian notables (see 30 August).
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December 1985
Wednesday, 11 December 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A new security plan was executed in West Beirut. The army and the Internal Security Forces were controlling the public order, with the help of the Amal-PSP military police.
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April 1986
Friday, 11 April 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The French teacher, Michel Brian, kidnapped on April 7, was released in the Bekaa. Another Irish teacher, Brian Kenaan was kidnapped in West Beirut. To protest against the kidnapping of foreign professors, schools and universities in West Beirut went on strike on April 14.
Art and memory- book Anne Maguire's For Brian's Sake tells how Brian Keenan's sisters campaigned for his release.
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August 1986
May 1987
July 1987
Saturday, 11 July 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Walid Joumblatt, Minister of Tourism and Leader of the Progressist Socialist Party, presides this evening, the opening ceremony of the Emir Amin's Palace. Closed down since the first years of the war, this edifice, that used to belong to the Intercontinental chain of hotels, resumes its vocation as a prestigious palace.
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September 1987
Friday, 11 September 1987
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Amal and the Palestinians agree to end the war of the camps.
Picard puts the end of the war of the camps on this day, with an Amal-Palestinian agreement. Other historians date the end of the siege differently: to a ceasefire on 5 April 1987, and to 18 January 1988, when Amal finally lifted the blockade after the Palestinian intifada had begun.
Sources differ: End of the camps war or siege: 5 April 1987 ceasefire (de Clerck and Malsagne; original entry 989), 11 September 1987 (Picard), 18 January 1988 (Hanf), January 1988 for Chatila (de Clerck and Malsagne, who date the war 1985-1987).
Other dates in the books: Sunday, 5 April 1987, Monday, 18 January 1988
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November 1987
May 1988
Wednesday, 11 May 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Iran and Syria sponsored a seven-point agreement destined to consolidate the end of combats in the southern suburbs that made, in 6 days, 157 death and 666 injured. The agreement was revised a few days later.
What the books addThe suburb fighting began on 6 May 1988 (de Clerck). The sources disagree on who attacked first: Hezbollah with Iranian support (Hanf) or Amal (de Clerck and Malsagne, Confluences). Quéméner puts the toll at 600 dead over two weeks.
Other dates in the books: Friday, 6 May 1988, Tuesday, 17 May 1988
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April 1989
Tuesday, 11 April 1989
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The French Secretary of State to the Human Action, Bernard Kouchner, arrives in Beirut in order to prepare and explain the arrival of the hospital ship 'La Rance' and the oil tanker 'Penhors'.
What the books addBadly wounded people from East and West Beirut were evacuated on French ships. Hanf says France sent its hospital ship and petrol tanker to back Aoun, then, after Syrian threats, called them humanitarian aid for all Lebanese.
Other date in the books: Saturday, 22 April 1989
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February 1990
Sunday, 11 February 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Kesrouan was now at the center of the Aoun-Geagea conflict. Despite all mediations and attempts to maintain the precarious truce, belligerents were fighting on the new front of Daraya, separating the Metn and the Kesrouan.
What the books addColonel Paul Fares declared himself head of a 'neutral army' on 10 February 1990, as a Lebanese Forces push on the army's Kleiat mountain position stalled (Hanf).
Other date in the books: Saturday, 10 February 1990
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July 1990
Wednesday, 11 July 1990
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Hrawi government appeals to all parties to 'side with legality'.
On 11 July 1990 the Hrawi government appealed to every political force, with none excluded, 'to side with legality'. Its plan of action opened with all militias leaving both halves of Beirut. Syria had agreed beforehand; the Maronite Patriarch, the Vatican, France and the troika supported it. Aoun dismissed the appeal as issued 'from illegal offices', while Geagea accepted on condition that Aoun gave up Baabda and Yarze.
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October 1990
Thursday, 11 October 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Last minute efforts were deployed to avoid a military operation against Baabda and the Eastern regions controlled by General Aoun. Besides, a two kilometers long peace walk on the Kfarchima-Choueifat road grouped 1,000 persons protesting against the blockade.
What the books addSyrian jets flew low over Baabda on 11 and 12 October 1990, with no Israeli reaction. On the 11th Hrawi, on a cabinet decision, had asked Assad in writing for the Syrian military support Taif provided for the Lebanese Army (Hanf).
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Hrawi asks Assad for military support against Aoun.
Syrian jets flew low over Baabda on that day and the next, and Israel did not react; Hanf concludes that its 'red line' on Syrian air power no longer held. The flights followed a letter in which Hrawi, acting on a cabinet decision, asked Assad for the Syrian military support for the Lebanese army that Taif provided.
Sources differ: Entry 1210 on the same day speaks of last-minute efforts to avoid an operation.
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November 1990
Sunday, 11 November 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Amal, the P.S.P., and the Hizbollah evacuated their militiamen from the capital. This evacuation was part of the 'Great Beirut' project, aiming at the reunification and disarmament of the capital. As for the Lebanese Forces, they had to leave Achrafieh on November 19 at the latest.
What the books addHanf: the militias were ordered out of Beirut on 17 November 1990, as army units deployed across the capital under a security plan cleared in advance with Syria. Amal (to the south) and the PSP (to the Chouf) left at once, Hezbollah three days later. The Lebanese Forces first set conditions; their pull-out, opened by a military parade on 23 November, ended by 3 December.
Other date in the books: Saturday, 17 November 1990
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March 1991
Monday, 11 March 1991
After the war · From the books
The army takes over the militias' illegal ports.
Soldiers took over the militia harbours of Khalde, Ouzai, Dbayeh and Beirut's Dock Five; within four days Beirut port traded normally.
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April 1996
Thursday, 11 April 1996
After the war · From the books range
Israel launches 'Operation Grapes of Wrath' against southern Lebanon.
After a boy died in a booby-trap blast and Hezbollah fired rockets at Kiryat Shmona, Israel bombarded the south, killing more than 150 civilians and driving about 400,000 north, often under fire. Solidarity with the displaced crossed community lines.
Sources differ: Start 11 April (de Clerck) or 16 April (Picard); end 27 or 26 April. Civilian dead about 170 (de Clerck) or more than 200 (Fisk).
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 16 April 1996
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January 2006
Wednesday, 11 January 2006
Since 2005 · From the books
Serge Brammertz replaces Detlev Mehlis as head of the UN Hariri inquiry.
The Belgian prosecutor took charge of the international inquiry into Rafic Hariri's assassination, as Kofi Annan had requested.
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August 2006
Friday, 11 August 2006
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books range
Cluster bombs are scattered over the South in the last days of the war.
About 70 per cent of the several hundred thousand cluster submunitions Israel dropped, most of them on the South, reportedly fell in the last three days of the war, when a halt to the fighting had already been agreed in principle. By 28 August unexploded bomblets had killed 14 people and wounded 47.
Sources differ: Number: 'several hundred thousand' (Verdeil) against 'millions' (de Clerck and Malsagne).
Reports at the time: The archive's first cluster-bomb deaths are dated 14-15 August; on 22 August it quotes a UN count of at least 170 sites hit.
The reports of that day, as they came in
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
Israel orders its final offensive hours before the UN vote.
With a UN-brokered ceasefire reported imminent, Northern Command sent its divisions to attack a little after 5 p.m. on Friday 11 August; fighting was fierce at Bint Jbeil and south-east of Tyre.
The reports of that day, as they came in
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
The Security Council adopts resolution 1701.
The Security Council voted resolution 1701 unanimously, with all fifteen votes, at 7:52 p.m. on Friday 11 August in New York (2:52 a.m. Saturday local time). The text demanded a complete end to hostilities and the withdrawal of all Israeli forces from the South, where the Lebanese army and a UNIFIL enlarged to 15,000 troops were to deploy.
Sources differ: 11 August (New York date; Daher) against 12 August (Beirut date; Abirached). Both are right for their time zones.
Reports at the time: The archive files the vote under 12 August (02:55 Beirut time).
The reports of that day, as they came in
Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 August 2006
Since 2005 · From the books
The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1701.
Adopted unanimously, it demanded a complete end to hostilities and an Israeli pull-out from the South, where the Lebanese army and a UNIFIL raised to 15,000 troops were to deploy; Hezbollah's weapons were left for the Lebanese state to deal with. In a televised address, Nasrallah said Hezbollah would not block Lebanon's decision. The war's day-by-day record is in 111101's July 2006 archive (/facts/history/july2006/).
Sources differ: 11 August (Picard; Friday evening in New York per Harel & Issacharoff) against 12 August (Abirached). The difference is the time zone: the vote came in the early hours of 12 August in Beirut.
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November 2006
Saturday, 11 November 2006
Since 2005 · From the books
Hezbollah and Amal ministers resign from the government.
Amal and Hezbollah quit Siniora's cabinet, which they accused of half-hearted support for Hezbollah in the summer war; they also sought to stop the Hariri tribunal. The cabinet went on without them.
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February 2009
Wednesday, 11 February 2009
Since 2005 · From the books
Citizens may remove their sect from the civil register.
On 11 February 2009 Interior Minister Ziad Baroud let Lebanese have their sect removed from their civil registry entry.
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June 2012
Monday, 11 June 2012
Since 2005 · From the books
The Baabda Declaration commits Lebanon to 'dissociation' from regional conflicts.
The declaration, agreed at President Sleiman's National Dialogue, pledged 'dissociation' from regional conflicts and border control, mainly towards Syria; Picard considers the promise empty from the outset.
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February 2020
Tuesday, 11 February 2020
Since 2005 · From the books
Parliament votes confidence in Diab's government despite road blocks.
84 MPs reached parliament and 63 voted in favour.
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