The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Guns were still echoing in the Iqlim.
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127 entries on 119 dates · the books disagree on 23
previous dates 61–119 of 119
December 1984
Monday, 3 December 1984
January 1985
Thursday, 3 January 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Eric Wehrli, the Swiss chargé d'affaires, was kidnapped in West Beirut. He was later released on January 7 by Amal. The dollar reached 9.10 Lebanese Pounds.
March 1985
Sunday, 3 March 1985
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Hundreds of Israeli troops raid Maarakeh.
On 3 March hundreds of Israeli troops searched Maarakeh, east of Tyre, home of the resistance leader Khalil Jerardi. Hidden with his colleague Mohammed Saad, he met the press within hours; a bomb killed both next day (entry of 4 March).
On 3 March hundreds of Israeli troops searched Maarakeh, east of Tyre, home of the resistance leader Khalil Jerardi. Hidden with his colleague Mohammed Saad, he met the press within hours; a bomb killed both next day (entry of 4 March).
May 1985
Thursday, 2 May 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese overseas protested against the recent events in Lebanon. They occupied the Lebanese embassies and consulates in the West, in order to attract the attention of the public opinion to the fate of those living in South Lebanon.
August 1985
Friday, 2 August 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Israeli aviation destroyed the headquarters of the Syrian Nationalist Party in Chtaura after the multiplication of car bombs in South Lebanon.
September 1985
Tuesday, 3 September 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Beirut was cut into two. There were severe shortages of bread and gas.
November 1985
Saturday, 2 November 1985
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Lieutenant Georges Chamoun, a Christian officer, is shot dead.
Amal's Islamist dissidents shot dead Lieutenant Georges Chamoun, one of a string of Christian army officers they killed.
Amal's Islamist dissidents shot dead Lieutenant Georges Chamoun, one of a string of Christian army officers they killed.
December 1985
Tuesday, 3 December 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
For the first time since the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, the Israeli Army carried out an important military operation outside the Security Zone. A base belonging to Ahmed Jibril's Popular Palestinian Liberation Front was destroyed in the Region of Rachaya El Wadi.
February 1986
Monday, 3 February 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Death hit once again. A bomb hidden in a suitcase exploded in Jdeideh killing four persons and wounding 22 others.
May 1986
Saturday, 3 May 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
While the bombardments continued in Beirut and its suburbs, the army closed all crossing points for security reasons, except the road of Hadeth Mreyjeh. Beirut was cut into two.
July 1986
Thursday, 3 July 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese General Confederation of Workers called for a strike to protest against the increase in prices.
What the books addThe labour confederation's 1986 strikes began a run of ever more political protests against the war (Hanf, de Clerck and Malsagne, Traboulsi).
September 1986
Tuesday, 2 September 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The first meeting of the Dialog Committee was held at the Beirut racecourse. The ten members of the government met for the first time since November 1985. The Ministers decided to elaborate a new National Pact.
What the books addThe meetings produced no agreement (Hanf).
November 1986
Sunday, 2 November 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An American, David Jacobsen, detained by the Islamic Jihad since the 27th of May 1985, was finally released.
What the books addFisk's account puts the kidnapping on 28 May 1985.
December 1986
Tuesday, 2 December 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A general strike paralyzed the country. The Lebanese were unable to cope with the increase in prices. The leaders couldn't find any solution to the crisis. The popular discontent was on the rise.
January 1987
Friday, 2 January 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Minister of Labor Selim El Hoss signed a decree raising the minimum wage to 3,200 LBP. This decision was a timid ray of light in the heavy economic sky.
What the books addHistorians describe the collapse of real wages behind such decrees: against 1974, the statutory minimum wage kept 13 percent of its buying power at the end of 1986 (Hanf, after Abou Rjaily and Labaki).
February 1987
Monday, 2 February 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Swiss Embassy was the last embassy to close in West Beirut.
June 1987
Wednesday, 3 June 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A Syrian delegation led by Abdel-Halim Khaddam, the Syrian Republic's Vice-President attend the national funerals of Karame in Tripoli.
July 1987
Thursday, 2 July 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Lebanon has just lost in Kesrouan, Labaki, one of its best journalists and most fervent defenders.
Friday, 3 July 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An Israeli raid against a PSNS base in Ammik in the Bekaa injures 13 persons.
August 1987
Sunday, 2 August 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The President of the Republic's Councillor, Mohamed Choucair, who was a mediator between the Chief of State and the Muslim Opposition, is assassinated in West-Beirut.
What the books addHanf, noting that Shukair's killers stayed unknown, describes a successful businessman who had volunteered to mediate between Christians and Muslims, was well connected in both parts of Beirut and never sought office.
December 1987
Wednesday, 2 December 1987
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
While credits are unblocked to buy fuel and service stations are reopened, Victor Cassir, Minister of Industry and Oil, authorizes private companies to import fuel subject to a previous authorization by the Ministry of Oil.
January 1988
Sunday, 3 January 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Murderous Israeli raids on Palestinian and Progressive Socialist Party positions in the region of Saida make kill 21 persons and wound 11.
February 1988
Tuesday, 2 February 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Jacques Merrin, a Frenchman working for the DGSE, is killed by unknown persons in the neighborhood of the Palace of Justice.
Wednesday, 3 February 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Winter is tough. A 20 cm snow layer covers Tripoli where it had not snowed since 1947.
March 1988
Thursday, 3 March 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Ralph Schray, The West German national kidnapped on January 27, is released in Beirut and driven to Damascus.
June 1988
Friday, 3 June 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Nabih Berri, leader of the Amal movement, announces the dissolution of his militia in all regions except for Southern Lebanon.
July 1988
Sunday, 3 July 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Because of simultaneous breakdowns in the Zouk and Jyeh power plants and on the Jyeh-Jamhour network, numerous regions are deprived of electrical power for more than 18 hours.
October 1988
Monday, 3 October 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Indian hostage Singh, resident of the United States and detained for 21 months in Lebanon, is released.
December 1988
Friday, 2 December 1988
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
General Aoun orders the closure of the Museum-Berbir junction; the passage will be re-opened 17 days later.
March 1989
Friday, 3 March 1989
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
General Aoun orders a naval blockade of the militia ports of Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai.
Aoun had the navy and helicopter units close Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai, ports the PSP and Amal had kept, though Syria had officially warned him off militias beyond his own area. Frangieh's Marada had given Selaata port to the army.
Aoun had the navy and helicopter units close Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai, ports the PSP and Amal had kept, though Syria had officially warned him off militias beyond his own area. Frangieh's Marada had given Selaata port to the army.
Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne date the closure order to 6 March (see entry 1129).
May 1989
Tuesday, 2 May 1989
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Aoun recasts his 'war of liberation' as a diplomatic campaign; Syrian shelling starts again.
Within a week Syrian shelling of the enclave was back at full intensity; Hanf says Syria and its allies kept the Arab League ceasefire only a few days. Aoun, having accepted it, recast his war as a diplomatic struggle.
Within a week Syrian shelling of the enclave was back at full intensity; Hanf says Syria and its allies kept the Arab League ceasefire only a few days. Aoun, having accepted it, recast his war as a diplomatic struggle.
Sources differ: Hanf gives 2 May both for Aoun's statement and for the renewed shelling; the shelling date may be a misprint.
Wednesday, 3 May 1989
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Lakhdar Ibrahimi, General Secretary of the Arab League, arrives in Beirut looking to find a diplomatic solution to the crisis.
What the books addLakhdar Brahimi was Deputy (assistant) Secretary-General of the Arab League, not its Secretary-General. After the Casablanca summit he headed the troika's secretariat in Jeddah.
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 23 May 1989
January 1990
Wednesday, 3 January 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
General Michel Aoun admits the existence, in France, of a bank account in his name, with the amount of 15 million dollars. However, he explains that this money is only used for the defense of his country.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Aoun has three officers arrested for dealing with General Lahoud.
Aoun accused three of his officers of plotting to put the Amchit garrison under General Emile Lahoud, the Hoss government's army commander, and to move south, and had them arrested; they had been in talks with Lahoud.
Aoun accused three of his officers of plotting to put the Amchit garrison under General Emile Lahoud, the Hoss government's army commander, and to move south, and had them arrested; they had been in talks with Lahoud.
February 1990
Friday, 2 February 1990
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Sarba garrison and the Jounieh naval base fall to the Lebanese Forces.
Within a few days Geagea held the whole coast of the Christian enclave. Sarba and the Jounieh naval base capitulated to his militia; the smaller army unit in Beirut harbour went to West Beirut and joined General Lahoud.
Within a few days Geagea held the whole coast of the Christian enclave. Sarba and the Jounieh naval base capitulated to his militia; the smaller army unit in Beirut harbour went to West Beirut and joined General Lahoud.
Saturday, 3 February 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
February 3, 4
The army takes control of Dbayeh after a tough battle.
The army takes control of Dbayeh after a tough battle.
What the books addHanf: the army's counter-offensive of 6 February 1990 reached the coast near Antelias and took Dbayeh, home to Lebanese Forces barracks and the militia's finance department.
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 6 February 1990
March 1990
Friday, 2 March 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Maronite Patriarch threatens to excommunicate Aoun and Geagea, as well as those how obey them, if they continue their fightings. The threat will remain vain despite its reiteration.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date Sfeir's threat to late April or early May 1990: Christian soldiers in Aoun's army faced excommunication, and their dead the denial of Christian burial. They list it among the pressures that halted the army's advance on the Lebanese Forces headquarters at Karantina. The original speaks of a reiterated threat.
April 1990
Tuesday, 3 April 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The chief of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea, joins President Hraoui, while General Michel Aoun turns to the Arab Troika. At the same time, the N.L.P. withdraws from the commandment of the Lebanese Forces.
What the books addHanf: Hrawi made unconditional acceptance of Taif the price of help when Geagea, after losing Ain al-Rummaneh, turned to the 'legal authorities' (Hrawi and the Hoss government) and passed four captured Fouga-Magister aircraft to General Lahoud's Qlayaat base. Aoun, low on fuel and ammunition, was supplied by the SSNP and Hobeika's pro-Syrian militia (Hanf); de Clerck and Malsagne also name Frangieh and Jumblatt.
Other date in the books: Friday, 16 February 1990
June 1990
Sunday, 3 June 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A peaceful walk on the road of Nahr el Kalb, grouping religious personalities ends dramatically. Pierre Chbat, the L.B.C's cameraman, is killed.
August 1990
Thursday, 2 August 1990
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Iraq invades Kuwait; Syria joins the coalition against Iraq.
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait changed Lebanon's situation. Syria, Iraq's long-time rival, joined the US-led coalition and sent an armoured division to Saudi Arabia. Aoun, armed by Iraq and silent on the invasion, was now opposed by Washington and Damascus alike. The books agree that, in return for joining the coalition, Syria got a free hand to bring Aoun down: the 'red line' that had barred Syrian warplanes from the Christian enclave was lifted.
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait changed Lebanon's situation. Syria, Iraq's long-time rival, joined the US-led coalition and sent an armoured division to Saudi Arabia. Aoun, armed by Iraq and silent on the invasion, was now opposed by Washington and Damascus alike. The books agree that, in return for joining the coalition, Syria got a free hand to bring Aoun down: the 'red line' that had barred Syrian warplanes from the Christian enclave was lifted.
December 1990
Monday, 3 December 1990
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese Forces achieve the evacuation of their heavy armaments. Great Beirut has become a reality.
What the books addHanf: on 4 December 1990 soldiers started clearing the Green Line barricades, the Lebanese Forces having left Beirut on 3 December except for 300 men at their Karantina headquarters and in the port.
April 2002
Wednesday, 3 April 2002
After the war · From the books
The government announces Syrian troop withdrawals from parts of Mount Lebanon.
The move was presented as an application of the Taif Agreement.
The move was presented as an application of the Taif Agreement.
September 2004
Thursday, 2 September 2004
After the war · From the books
UN Security Council Resolution 1559 demands the withdrawal of foreign forces.
The Franco-American resolution, passed by nine votes with six abstentions, required every foreign force to leave, every militia to disarm and the presidential election to proceed free of outside interference. Walid Jumblatt sided with the opposition, most of it Christian.
The Franco-American resolution, passed by nine votes with six abstentions, required every foreign force to leave, every militia to disarm and the presidential election to proceed free of outside interference. Walid Jumblatt sided with the opposition, most of it Christian.
Friday, 3 September 2004
After the war · From the books
Parliament extends President Lahoud's term by three years.
Under Syrian pressure the constitutional amendment passed by 96 votes to 29; Jumblatt's deputies voted against.
Under Syrian pressure the constitutional amendment passed by 96 votes to 29; Jumblatt's deputies voted against.
October 2004
Sunday, 3 October 2004
After the war · From the books
Hariri hands his resignation to Lahoud.
Hariri took the 1 October attack that wounded Marwan Hamadeh as a breach of the assurances he had been given, and resigned two days later. Lahoud waited more than two weeks before accepting.
Hariri took the 1 October attack that wounded Marwan Hamadeh as a breach of the assurances he had been given, and resigned two days later. Lahoud waited more than two weeks before accepting.
Sources differ: See 20 October: Abirached dates the resignation then.
April 2005
Sunday, 3 April 2005
Since 2005 · From the books
Syria agrees with the UN envoy to withdraw by 30 April at the latest.
Syrian troops were to be out of Lebanon by 30 April at the latest under a deal Bashar al-Assad struck with the UN envoy Terje Roed-Larsen.
Syrian troops were to be out of Lebanon by 30 April at the latest under a deal Bashar al-Assad struck with the UN envoy Terje Roed-Larsen.
Since 2005 · From the books range
Unity Week festival in downtown Beirut (3-13 April).
Bahia Hariri drove Unity Week, which filled central Beirut with events from 3 to 13 April as the war reached its thirtieth anniversary; war-wounded wheelchair users joined some forty thousand others in its unity marathon. Haugbolle notes that it left out Amal, Hezbollah and smaller pro-Syrian groups, and had a commercial streak.
Bahia Hariri drove Unity Week, which filled central Beirut with events from 3 to 13 April as the war reached its thirtieth anniversary; war-wounded wheelchair users joined some forty thousand others in its unity marathon. Haugbolle notes that it left out Amal, Hezbollah and smaller pro-Syrian groups, and had a commercial streak.
June 2005
Thursday, 2 June 2005
Since 2005 · From the books
Journalist and historian Samir Kassir is killed by a car bomb.
Samir Kassir, academic, columnist and a leading voice against Syrian control, died when a bomb went off in his car. Haugbolle treats the killing as the moment post-Syrian Lebanon's disarray grew plain.
Samir Kassir, academic, columnist and a leading voice against Syrian control, died when a bomb went off in his car. Haugbolle treats the killing as the moment post-Syrian Lebanon's disarray grew plain.
Sources differ: 2 June in four sources (de Clerck & Malsagne, Abirached, Quéméner, Khayat) against 1 June in Haugbolle. 2 June has the most support.
Art and memory
- book De Clerck and Malsagne call Samir Kassir's 1994 study, which ends in 1982, a reference work; Kassir himself noted that no academic research yet covered the conflict in its full complexity.
February 2006
Thursday, 2 February 2006
Since 2005 · From the books
The Shiite ministers return to the cabinet.
Their boycott, begun after Tueni's assassination, ended after some seven weeks.
Their boycott, begun after Tueni's assassination, ended after some seven weeks.
Sources differ: Abirached's dates imply a boycott of about seven weeks; Picard's chapter speaks of several months.
March 2006
Thursday, 2 March 2006
Since 2005 · From the books
The National Dialogue among community leaders opens.
Community leaders, some former warlords, opened a National Dialogue on Syria, militia disarmament and President Lahoud's fate.
Community leaders, some former warlords, opened a National Dialogue on Syria, militia disarmament and President Lahoud's fate.
August 2006
Wednesday, 2 August 2006
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
Air raids resume after the 48-hour pause.
Israeli air raids resumed across Lebanon at the end of the partial truce declared after Qana.
Israeli air raids resumed across Lebanon at the end of the partial truce declared after Qana.
Reports at the time: The archive has the Israeli justice minister announcing the resumption for dawn on Wednesday 2 August.
Thursday, 3 August 2006
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
Peretz has the army plan a swift seizure of the South up to the Litani.
Harel and Issacharoff see posturing in the statement from Peretz's office on 3 August that the army must prepare to seize everything south of the Litani quickly; it also, they write, gave Hezbollah useful information.
Harel and Issacharoff see posturing in the statement from Peretz's office on 3 August that the army must prepare to seize everything south of the Litani quickly; it also, they write, gave Hezbollah useful information.
September 2006
Saturday, 2 September 2006
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
Nine hundred Italian soldiers land to reinforce UNIFIL.
Some 900 Italian troops reached Lebanon to strengthen UNIFIL.
Some 900 Italian troops reached Lebanon to strengthen UNIFIL.
Since 2005 · From the books
Nine hundred Italian soldiers land to reinforce UNIFIL.
The soldiers came to reinforce UNIFIL, whose command Italy had accepted.
The soldiers came to reinforce UNIFIL, whose command Italy had accepted.
\_this day in full (July 2006, as the books tell it) \_this day in full (Since 2005) \_on this day
Sunday, 3 September 2006
July 2006, as the books tell it · From the books
Lebanon's justice minister studies legal action against Israel.
Justice Minister Charles Rizk announced that proven war crimes would lead him to examine possible legal action against Israel. Rafael Bustos notes that Lebanon could also hold Israel internationally responsible for damage to its infrastructure, economy and coast.
Justice Minister Charles Rizk announced that proven war crimes would lead him to examine possible legal action against Israel. Rafael Bustos notes that Lebanon could also hold Israel internationally responsible for damage to its infrastructure, economy and coast.
Since 2005 · From the books
The Justice Minister studies legal action against Israel for war crimes.
Justice Minister Charles Rizk said he would weigh legal action against Israel should war crimes be proven.
Justice Minister Charles Rizk said he would weigh legal action against Israel should war crimes be proven.
\_this day in full (July 2006, as the books tell it) \_this day in full (Since 2005) \_on this day
September 2007
Sunday, 2 September 2007
Since 2005 · From the books
The army takes control of Nahr al-Bared.
The army regained the camp after more than three months of fighting.
The army regained the camp after more than three months of fighting.
November 2009
Tuesday, 3 November 2009
Since 2005 · From the books
Israel seizes a ship carrying arms in the Mediterranean.
Hezbollah denied Israeli press claims that weapons found aboard a ship intercepted by Israel's navy in the Mediterranean were an Iranian delivery for it.
Hezbollah denied Israeli press claims that weapons found aboard a ship intercepted by Israel's navy in the Mediterranean were an Iranian delivery for it.
January 2014
Thursday, 2 January 2014
Since 2005 · From the books
Double bombing in Haret Hreik kills nine.
The attack struck the Shiite district of Haret Hreik in Beirut's southern suburb.
The attack struck the Shiite district of Haret Hreik in Beirut's southern suburb.
February 2014
Monday, 3 February 2014
Since 2005 · From the books
Suicide bombing in Choueifat.
A suicide bomber struck at Choueifat, south of Beirut.
A suicide bomber struck at Choueifat, south of Beirut.
November 2016
Thursday, 3 November 2016
Since 2005 · From the books
Saad Hariri is designated Prime Minister.
Hariri was named three days after Aoun's election.
Hariri was named three days after Aoun's election.
September 2024
Tuesday, 3 September 2024
Since 2005 · From the books
Former central bank governor Riad Salameh is arrested.
The former central bank governor, accused of a key role in the financial crisis, was arrested; the arrest divided defenders acting from communal loyalty and citizens seeking their rights.
The former central bank governor, accused of a key role in the financial crisis, was arrested; the arrest divided defenders acting from communal loyalty and citizens seeking their rights.
October 2024
Thursday, 3 October 2024
Since 2005 · From the books
Hashem Safieddine, expected to succeed Nasrallah, is killed.
Hashem Safieddine had been expected to succeed Hassan Nasrallah at the head of Hezbollah.
Hashem Safieddine had been expected to succeed Hassan Nasrallah at the head of Hezbollah.
previous dates 61–119 of 119