101 entries on 94 dates · the books disagree on 31
dates 1–60 of 94 next
November 1969
Wednesday, 26 November 1969
The road to war · From the books
Karami's national unity cabinet gives Kamal Jumblatt the Interior Ministry.
Kamal Jumblatt became interior minister, in charge of carrying out the Cairo Agreement, in the government of national union Rashid Karami formed once the Syrian border reopened, ending a cabinet vacancy of over seven months.
Sources differ: 26 November (Traboulsi, twice) or 25 November (de Clerck & Malsagne).
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 25 November 1969
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December 1972
Tuesday, 26 December 1972
The road to war · From the books
The left demonstrates against the Ghandour dismissals.
On 26 December the Left protested again at the Ghandour sackings. Tufaro: workers left the dispute resentful of state and CGTL alike.
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May 1974
Friday, 31 May 1974
The road to war · From the books
Syria and Israel sign the Golan disengagement agreement.
When the Golan disengagement took effect, UN troops stood between the Syrian and Israeli armies. Hanf concludes that Lebanon's border was now the only front open to Palestinian armed action, and that Lebanon, main arena of the conflict since 1970, bore it alone.
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February 1975
Wednesday, 26 February 1975
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Troops fire on Sidon's protesting fishermen; Maarouf Saad is mortally wounded.
Maarouf Saad, the Nasserist deputy leading a Sidon fishermen's march, was shot when the army fired on it and died days later; several others were killed or wounded. The marchers opposed Protein, holder of a deep-sea fishing concession, with Camille Chamoun on its board. That evening armed men killed a soldier.
Sources differ: Hanf places the demonstration in March; the existing entry 10 gives 7 March. Traboulsi and de Clerck and Malsagne give 26 February.
Art and memory- film Censored in Lebanon, Le Liban dans la tourmente (1975) was Jocelyne Saab's first war documentary. Filming both a wealthy, carefree bourgeoisie and cheerful children in the Palestinian camps, she asked where the hatred came from.
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May 1975
Monday, 26 May 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The military Cabinet resigned
Islamic and leftist leaders rejected this Cabinet. The Lebanese considered it as a challenge. Karameh presented his candidature to form a new Government, in a climate of terror imposed by militias. Lootings, killings, and kidnappings continued.
What the books addThe National Movement's call for a general strike, supported by the leading Sunni politicians, Mufti Hassan Khaled, Musa al-Sadr and Raymond Edde, brought down the military cabinet on 26 May; on 28 May Frangieh appointed Rashid Karami Prime Minister.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 28 May 1975
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Saturday, 31 May 1975
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Zahleh's young militia takes position above the town.
Tajammu fighters, from a Zahleh group of intellectuals and young men whose first leaflet appeared on 24 May, took the Virgin statue hill at the town's northern entrance, a front-line post watching the Saadnayel road.
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August 1975
September 1975
Friday, 26 September 1975
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The cease-fire breaks down.
The September cease-fire collapsed and fighting resumed in Beirut.
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November 1975
Wednesday, 26 November 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Kurt Waldheim, the Secretary General of the United Nations, visited Lebanon for a few hours. He declared that the Lebanese themselves held the solution to the Lebanese crisis.
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January 1976
Saturday, 31 January 1976
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The 'Front for Freedom and Man in Lebanon' is formed.
Maronites including Camille Chamoun, Pierre Gemayel and Father Charbel Qassis, with the Greek Orthodox Charles Malek, founded the short-lived Front for Freedom and Man in Lebanon, from which the Lebanese Front emerged months later.
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March 1976
Wednesday, 31 March 1976
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
US envoy Dean Brown arrives in Beirut.
Dean Brown recalled telling Maronite leaders that Syria, not American or international action, held the answer. Ford sent him to Beirut as envoy on Kissinger's advice; the US-brokered Syrian intervention took shape over his two-month stay.
Sources differ: Traboulsi's chronology gives 1 April.
Other date in the books: Thursday, 1 April 1976
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August 1976
Thursday, 26 August 1976
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Moscow condemns the massacres at Tal al-Za'tar and Nabaa.
The Soviet agency Tass condemned the massacres committed by Christian forces at Nabaa and Tall al-Za'tar. Syria's intervention also led to a temporary halt in Soviet-Syrian cooperation.
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Tuesday, 31 August 1976
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Christian militias form a unified command, the Lebanese Forces.
Drawing lessons from Tal al-Za'tar, where Christian forces had fought under separate commands, Bashir Gemayel set up a unified command council, headed by himself, with two members per militia.
Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne date the official founding of the unified command to 25 March 1976 (see addition 1976-03-25-lf-command).
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May 1977
Thursday, 26 May 1977
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The mandate of the Arab four-party committee in charge of the execution of the Palestinian-Lebanese Cairo agreement had expired, while the agreement had not been executed yet.
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September 1977
Monday, 26 September 1977
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Israeli tanks pull back from southern Lebanon.
After a week of clashes in the south, Israel's Christian militia allies held a slightly larger strip, along nearly all the frontier from coast to Hermon, and Israel withdrew the tanks it had sent in.
Sources differ: Original entry 149 dates the ceasefire to 25 September.
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January 1978
Thursday, 26 January 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Feyrouz played Queen of ' Petra ', the play that the Rahbani brothers wrote and presented at the Picadilly Theatre. Assi Rahbani was the Director, Abdel-Hamid Caracalla was in charge of the scenography, Papou Lahoud did the costumes, and Ghazi Kahwaji the decoration.
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May 1978
Wednesday, 31 May 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A Sarkis-Assad summit was held in Lattaquieh. They discussed the Israeli occupation of South Lebanon, the military cooperation between the two countries, and the difficulties encountered in the pacification process in Lebanon.
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July 1978
Wednesday, 26 July 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin declared : 'Christians in Lebanon are threatened of being annihilated'.
What the books addFisk adds that the Syrian shelling slackened around this time after sonic booms from a pair of Israeli jets flying low over West Beirut.
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Monday, 31 July 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Lebanese Army units were dispatched to South Lebanon.
They remained there until the end of the year. Christian militias supported by Israel in the South stopped their advance.
What the books addHanf writes that Major Haddad's forces fired at Kaukaba on the units sent south in early August, men of the 'vanguard' Syria trusted, and drove them into retreat. Haddad later rebelled openly against the army command, and Israel took over paying his men.
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September 1978
Tuesday, 26 September 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
President Alfred Naccache was dead from pneumonia. He was 91 years old. He was President of the Republic between 1941 and 1943, under the French mandate. After the independence, he was given several ministerial functions, before he retired from politics. He was born in Beirut in 1887 and studied law at Saint Joseph University. He became advisor for the supreme court of appeal, and then headed the appeal court. In 1941, he became President of the Republic until March 18, 1943. He was titular of several honorific distinctions such as the great cordon of the cedar order.
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March 1979
Monday, 26 March 1979
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty; the Lebanese balance shifts.
In Lebanon the Israeli-Egyptian treaty, signed in Washington, had deep effects. The Lebanese Forces strengthened their cooperation with Israel, and Syria moved closer to the PLO, letting it return in 1979 to its earlier positions south of Beirut. For Traboulsi, the peace process undermined the Sarkis regime.
Sources differ: Traboulsi and Picard give the month only; de Clerck and Malsagne give 26 March.
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April 1979
May 1979
Thursday, 31 May 1979
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
At the meeting of the Security Council, Lebanon claimed the reinforcement of the UNIFL. Moreover, Beirut requested the condemnation of Israel and the re-activation of the Armistice Commission.
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August 1979
Friday, 31 August 1979
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
On the occasion of the first anniversary of the disappearance of Imam Moussa Sadr, a general strike paralyzed Beirut. For the first time Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi chamseddine accused the Libyans of his disappearance.
Other date in the books: Friday, 25 August 1978
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September 1979
December 1979
May 1980
July 1980
August 1980
September 1980
Friday, 26 September 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An assault was launched against the US embassy in West Beirut. Two missiles were fired on the chancellery hitting the second and fourth floors. The aggressors remained unidentified.
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October 1980
Friday, 31 October 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese army evacuated Ain el Remmaneh and gathered on the Damascus road and on major Streets.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date Lebanese Forces control of East Beirut to this day; Ménargues dates the final takeover of Ain el-Remmaneh to late November. See the note on 27 October.
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December 1980
Wednesday, 31 December 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A Syrian-Israeli air fight took place in the Lebanese sky. Damascus admited that its two Migs were hit and that two Israeli airplanes were shot down. Tel-Aviv denied this information.
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January 1981
Saturday, 31 January 1981
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A violent storm hit Lebanon.
50 cars were totally stuck between Sofar and Mdeirej and their occupants spent the night in their vehicles. The Army was able to rescue 200 persons in the mountain.
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March 1981
Tuesday, 31 March 1981
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Syrian fire on a Lebanese Forces road crew above Zahleh sets off the battle.
Within two days of 31 March fighting had spread around Zahleh. It began when Syrian troops hit a bulldozer at work on a Lebanese Forces position with a rocket; the militia fired back, and a Syrian assault on a key LF position failed.
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October 1981
March 1982
Wednesday, 31 March 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A new car bomb exploded next to the Abed clock killing 2 persons and wounding 4 others.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne, drawing on Ronen Bergman, attribute to Ariel Sharon a series of car bombings from October 1981, carried out under the name 'Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners' and aimed chiefly at Palestinians, to provoke retaliation that could justify an invasion. They list no individual attacks, so this bombing cannot be matched to their account.
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May 1982
Wednesday, 26 May 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The French Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy declared during his visit in Beirut: 'France stays but is not at war with anyone.'
Other date in the books: Monday, 24 May 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Lebanese Front adopts Bashir Gemayel as its candidate for the presidency.
At its weekly meeting the Lebanese Front accepted Bashir Gemayel as candidate; the Kataeb political bureau's unanimous backing came next day, Amine Gemayel's vote publicly ending his own bid.
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July 1982
Monday, 26 July 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Heavy bombardment of Beirut; Israeli soldiers cut West Beirut's water and power.
During heavy bombing, West Beirut lost its water at 5.50 p.m., when Israeli soldiers shut the valves at the distribution centre's control room, and then its electricity. Ghassan Tueni, Lebanon's ambassador to the UN, sent the Secretary-General a letter of protest.
Sources differ: Fisk dates a first cut of water and power to 5 July (see check of event 574).
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Saturday, 31 July 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Around a hundred women from West Beirut headed by the Prime Minister's wife, Whajiha Wazzan, gathered in the American University of Beirut for an open sit-in to protest against the blockade of West Beirut.
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August 1982
Thursday, 26 August 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese authorities claimed the withdrawal of the Fedayin from the Bekaa region and the North, while the Italian and French contingents arrived to Beirut.
What the books addMénargues has the Hittin brigade's 1,350 Palestine Liberation Army soldiers driving out to Damascus on 26 August, as Italian Bersaglieri of the San Marco regiment and more French legionnaires came ashore. Robert Fisk dates the first US Marine landing to 25 August; Ménargues to 27 August.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 25 August 1982
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September 1982
January 1983
Wednesday, 26 January 1983
The Lebanese war · Added from the books range
Murders multiply around Israeli-occupied Sidon.
Around Sidon, two bodies, one a Palestinian's, were found on 26 January 1983 and three mutilated ones near Ain el-Helweh on 9 February; on 29 January a Palestinian was killed at his door. Israel's occupation authorities made no official comment.
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March 1983
Saturday, 26 March 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Following troubles triggered by a series of arrests, the Army reinstated the calm in Bir El Abed. It was the first incident of this kind since the inception of 'Greater Beirut'.
What the books addHanf dates Amal's first fighting with the army to March 1983, after soldiers had arrested large numbers of Shi'is on dubious charges.
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April 1983
Tuesday, 26 April 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Phalangist militia handed over the alleged assassin of Bechir Gemayel, Habib Chartouni, to the Army.
What the books addMénargues dates the handover to 28 April 1983. Held in an army intelligence cell at the Defence Ministry in Yarze, Chartouni admitted the killing before the military prosecutor that day. The case was later handed by Amine Gemayel's cabinet to a constitutional High Court that had never been created; he was freed on 13 October 1990.
Other date in the books: Thursday, 28 April 1983
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June 1983
Sunday, 26 June 1983
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Arafat is expelled from Syria.
Fearing for their last footholds near Tripoli, Arafat's supporters allied with the Sunni Islamist Tawhid movement once Syria had expelled him from Damascus, where he had gone seeking a settlement.
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August 1983
Wednesday, 31 August 1983
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Massacre of Christian villagers at Bmaryam.
Christians were massacred at Bmaryam, a mixed upper-Metn village; Christian radio blamed the Druze. De Clerck and Malsagne count 31 dead and date the 'Battle of the Mountain' from it.
Sources differ: 31 August (de Clerck and Malsagne's chronology; Fisk reports the radio news on 31 August) or 1 September (their chapter). 31 dead (de Clerck and Malsagne) or 24 (Christian radio reports cited by Fisk).
Other date in the books: Thursday, 1 September 1983
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September 1983
Monday, 26 September 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Prime Minister Chafic Wazzan presented the resignation of his government to the chief of State, who refused it.
Other date in the books: Sunday, 5 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
McFarlane obtains a ceasefire through Damascus.
Khaddam, Syria's foreign minister, announced the ceasefire that US envoy Robert McFarlane had reached with Saudi help. Damascus recognised Gemayel as legitimate president; McFarlane undertook to urge him to bring in the opposition.
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October 1983
Wednesday, 26 October 1983
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Vice-President Bush visits the ruins of the Marine headquarters.
While the Marines were under grenade attack, George Bush toured their bombed base, declaring terror would neither dictate nor change US foreign policy.
Other date in the books: Sunday, 23 October 1983
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Monday, 31 October 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The dialog conference opened in Geneva. This national reconciliation conference represented the only hope for the Lebanese.
What the books addThe conference sat from 31 October to 4 November (Picard has 1 to 8 November), with Syria's foreign minister Khaddam present and Prime Minister Wazzan kept out by a Syrian veto. Amine Gemayel chaired; Camille Chamoun and Pierre Gemayel spoke for the Lebanese Front, Frangieh, Jumblatt and Karami for the opposition, Saeb Salam for the Sunnis, Adel Osseiran for the Shi'is.
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February 1984
Sunday, 26 February 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The evacuation of the US Marines ends.
The withdrawal of the Marines, ordered by the White House and begun on 7 February, was completed. De Clerck and Malsagne's chronology dates the MNF's departure to 26 February-31 March.
Sources differ: The original (739) gives 17 February for the Marines' departure.
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March 1984
Saturday, 31 March 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The last French soldiers of the Multinational Force leave Beirut.
France, first to arrive, withdrew its last MNF soldiers once every other contingent had gone; some stayed on as ceasefire observers.
Sources differ: The original (744) gives 25 March for the French departure.
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April 1984
July 1984
Tuesday, 31 July 1984
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The last US Marines leave Beirut.
Helicopters lifted the Marines' rear guard, about a hundred men left to protect the British-American embassy compound in West Beirut, to US warships offshore.
Sources differ: Other books end the Marines' story in February (see 739 and the 26 February addition); this was a residual guard.
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October 1984
Wednesday, 31 October 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The United Nations Secretary General, Javier Perez de Cuellar, convoked a Lebanese-Israeli conference to be held on November 5 in Nakoura under the aegis of the United Nations. The negotiations aimed at making security arrangements for the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.
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January 1985
Saturday, 26 January 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Selim El Hoss, Minister of Education and Labor, resigned from office. Efforts were made to convince him to review his decision. Indeed, he withdrew his resignation the next day.
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April 1985
Friday, 26 April 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Islamic-Progressive militias rushed into Christian villages next to Saida. Thousands of families were forced out of their homes. Tens of Christian villages in the Iqlim El Kharroub and East of Saida were looted, vandalized, and burned. The State was more powerless than ever, the Lebanese Army being unable to stop the massacres.
What the books addAbout fifty Christian villages east of Sidon and in the Iqlim al-Kharroub were taken. Estimates of the Christians displaced range from 70,000 (Picard) and 85,000-86,000 (Hanf) to 80,000-125,000 (de Clerck and Malsagne), many reaching East Beirut by sea; few have returned. Hanf writes that the Kharroub villages were razed with Transport Ministry equipment; Fisk describes Mieh Mieh looted and torn down, and a well filled with corpses at Jiyeh after the Druze took it.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 24 April 1985
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July 1985
Wednesday, 31 July 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
President Sleiman Frangieh and Elie Hobeika were reconciled.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Suicide car attack on an Israeli patrol at Arnoun.
Ali Ghaleb Taleb, 22, crashed his car into a patrol of Israeli soldiers in Arnoun.
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January 1986
Sunday, 26 January 1986
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Lebanese radical opposition called President Gemayel to resign.
What the books addHanf writes that Prime Minister Karami joined Jumblatt and Berri in boycotting cabinet sessions chaired by Gemayel, whose resignation the two had demanded after the Tripartite Agreement failed.
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dates 1–60 of 94 next
