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111101 entriesfrom the booksonly where the books disagree
chronologiesallThe road to war 1968–1974The Lebanese war 1975–1990After the war 1991–2005July 2006, as the books tell it 2006Since 2005 2005–2025
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1986, 1992

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29 entries on 27 dates · the books disagree on 29

January 1986

Tuesday, 14 January 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The eleventh Gemayel-Assad summit was a total failure.
What the books addFor Gemayel, says Traboulsi, the accord robbed the presidency of its arbitrating role; they last met on 13-14 January 1986.

Other date in the books: Monday, 13 January 1986

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Wednesday, 15 January 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

In eight hours of violent fights, 100 persons were killed, and the chief of staff of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea, evinced Elie Hobeika sending him into exile.
What the books addHistorians date Geagea's takeover to 15 January 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne; Picard's chronology dates Gemayel's rejection of the accord to the same day). Traboulsi's narrative gives 12 March 1986 instead. De Clerck and Malsagne put the dead at about 800, far above the 100 given here. Hobeika was flown out by army helicopter after an army mediation backed by the patriarch, was briefly exiled in France, then settled in Zahle under Syrian protection.

Other date in the books: Wednesday, 12 March 1986

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January 1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

A wave of assassinations targets Communist and pro-Iraqi Baath leaders.
Assassins killed a number of leading figures in the Lebanese Communist Party and the pro-Iraqi Baath.

Sources differ: Entry 902 places the killing of the Communist leaders Khalil Nous and Souheil Tawileh in late February.

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February 1986

late February 1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Syrian-backed attacks on the Metn are stopped by the Lebanese army.
Late in February 1986 the army stopped two Syrian-backed SSNP attacks towards Bikfaya, at Douar and on the Baskinta road. A Syrian push on the northern edge of the Christian region failed too. Earlier that month Syrian guns had shelled East Beirut irregularly.

Sources differ: Entry 894 dates the start of fighting on the northern Metn front to 16 January.

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March 1986

Saturday, 8 March 1986

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Four Antenne 2 journalists are kidnapped in Beirut's southern suburbs.
The Revolutionary Justice Organisation claimed the abduction of a four-man crew from the French television channel Antenne 2.

Sources differ: Entry 905 (Text field) gives 9 March; entry 965 gives 21 June.

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Sunday, 9 March 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The black series continued. Terrorism hit this time Jeetaoui where a car bomb killed 3 persons and wounded 40 others.
Four French journalists from Antenne 2 were kidnapped in Bir El Abed.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the kidnapping of the Antenne 2 crew to 8 March 1986. It was claimed by the "Revolutionary Justice Organisation".

Other date in the books: Saturday, 8 March 1986

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April 1986

Thursday, 17 April 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The British teachers John Leigh Douglas and Philip Ralph Patfield, kidnapped on the 28th of March 1986, were executed and their bodies were thrown on the Roueissat-Sofar road. A cameraman, John McCarthy, was kidnapped on the Beirut International Airport road. An extremist organization announced the hanging of Alec Colett, a British journalist who was working at the UNRWA. The dead body of Peter Kilburn, librarian at the AUB, who was kidnapped on the 3rd of December 1984, was also found. Furthermore, the British embassy in Zokak EL Blatt was partially destroyed and burned by rocket shots.
What the books addFisk: Libyan agents in Beirut had bought Kilburn and both British teachers from freelance kidnappers; the deaths were reported the night of the US raid on Libya.
Art and memory
  • book John McCarthy and Brian Keenan, held together in Beirut, later wrote Between Extremes together, about a journey they had planned while in captivity; it is listed in 111101's References.

Other date in the books: Friday, 28 March 1986

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May 1986

May-June 1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The second camps war between Amal and the PLO.
Amal and the Palestinians fought their second camps war in Beirut in May and June, pausing when army units with a Syrian battalion ringed Chatila and Bourj al-Barajneh late in June.

Sources differ: Hanf has fighting over the Beirut camps starting again as early as March and April 1986.

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June 1986

June 1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

Patriarch Sfeir meets the Mufti in West Beirut.
Christian and Muslim ministers resumed their consultations, and the newly elected Maronite Patriarch went to West Beirut to meet the Sunni Mufti.

Sources differ: Entry 924 says the meeting set for 22 May was postponed.

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September 1986

Thursday, 4 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The war against Westerners had new targets now. It was the turn of UNIFL soldiers to be aggressed. Three French Blue Helmets were killed in Jouaya in South Lebanon. The UN Security Council called for urgent security measures in favor of the UNIFL.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 23 September 1986

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Wednesday, 10 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Islamic Jihad kidnapped Frank Reed, director of the Lebanese International College and Victor Kanho, governor of the Lion's Club in Lebanon and Jordan.
What the books addFisk dates Frank Reed's kidnapping to 9 September.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 9 September 1986

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Friday, 12 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Another US national, James Cicippio was kidnapped on the AUB campus, therefore raising the number of Americans kidnapped to 6.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 9 September 1986

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Thursday, 18 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

While a terrorist vague submerged France, the French military attaché, Christian Goutierre was assassinated in Mar Takla.
What the books addHe was shot in the head 25 m from the ambassador's office, a day after the rue de Rennes attack in Paris (7 dead, 55 wounded).

Other date in the books: Wednesday, 17 September 1986

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Thursday, 25 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The UNIFL Blue Helmets repositioned themselves; they occupied three out of the 32 positions they were initially occupying.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 23 September 1986

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Saturday, 27 September 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

500 fighters led by Elie Hobeika entered Achrafieh where they fought ferociously with Geagea's men. The Lebanese Forces and the army rebuffed the infiltration. 65 persons lost their lives in the operation while 200 others were wounded.
What the books addDates differ: 27 September (de Clerck and Malsagne), 29 September (Hanf), or by 26 September (Ménargues). Hanf has the Lebanese army halting an attack launched across the green line from West Beirut, after which former comrades killed a few hundred of Hobeika's men.

Other dates in the books: Friday, 26 September 1986, Monday, 29 September 1986

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late September 1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The third camps war begins in the south around Rashidiyeh.
Supplies reached the blockaded camps of Rashidiyeh (some 17,000 people), Bourj al-Barajneh and Chatila sporadically; Amal's siege of Rashidiyeh failed.

Sources differ: Hanf dates Amal's siege of Rashidieh to October.

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October 1986

Tuesday, 21 October 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Hussein Husseini was reelected Speaker of the National Assembly. A seventh US national, Edward Tracy was kidnapped in West Beirut.

Other date in the books: Tuesday, 9 September 1986

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Saturday, 25 October 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The Camps War opposing Amal to the Palestinians spread to Saida.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne begin the third camps war in late September 1986 with fighting around Rashidiyeh near Tyre; Hanf dates Amal's siege of Rashidieh to October.

Other date in the books: Monday, 24 November 1986

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November 1986

Monday, 24 November 1986

The Lebanese war · Added from the books range

Palestinian fighters take Maghdousheh; the village changes hands three times.
Some residents of Maghdousheh, a Christian village, were evacuated as it changed hands: PLO fighters from the Sidon camps took it on 24 November, Amal on the 25th, the PLO on the 26th.

Sources differ: Entry 960 dates the fighting to 25 November.

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Tuesday, 25 November 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

The armed conflict between Amal and the Palestinians spread to Maghdoucheh. Ferocious combats took place in this Christian strategic town. Ultimately, it fell partially in the hands of Palestinians and its residents were forced to flee from their homes.
What the books addHanf: the PLO took Maghdousheh on 24 November, lost it to Amal on the 25th and retook it on the 26th. De Clerck and Malsagne say the aim was to forestall an attack on Ain el-Helweh; Amal answered by besieging the southern camps and pressing the Beirut ones harder.

Other date in the books: Monday, 24 November 1986

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December 1986

Wednesday, 24 December 1986

The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology

Aurel Cornea, one of the Antenne 2 journalists kidnapped on June 21, was released by the Organization of Revolutionary Justice.
What the books addThe Antenne 2 crew was kidnapped on 8 March 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne), not on 21 June.

Other date in the books: Saturday, 8 March 1986

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1986

1986: day not established

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The pound collapses and wages lose their value.
In 1986 the pound lost more than half its value against the dollar and prices roughly doubled or more; by the end of the year the minimum wage bought 13 per cent of what it did in 1974.

Sources differ: Inflation for 1986: 162 per cent (Hanf, retail prices) or 95 per cent (de Clerck and Malsagne, Beirut consumer prices); entry 966 gives 204 per cent.

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The toll of 1986.
Abou Rjaily and Labaki, quoted by Hanf, count 2,668 dead and 7,237 wounded for 1986. A quarter of that year's dead fell in the camps war and another quarter in clashes between militias of the same confessional bloc.

Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne count about 800 victims of the Lebanese Forces' internal fighting alone in 1986.

The Lebanese war · Added from the books

The trade unions lead demonstrations against the war.
The CGTL labour confederation, Christian and Muslim alike, called nationwide strikes against the war, the militias and the fall in living standards, and demanded an economic rescue plan.

Sources differ: Hanf says 1986 saw the confederation's first strike; Haugbolle dates its first national strike to 1985.

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February 1992

Saturday, 29 February 1992

After the war · From the books

The Central Bank gives up defending the pound.
By early May a dollar cost 2,000 pounds; the bank had given up on the pound after losing a third of its foreign reserves.

Sources differ: Peak rate: 2,000 (Hanf, early May) or 2,200 (Picard, 1992).

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July 1992

July 1992: day not established

After the war · From the books

Hundreds of Aoun supporters are arrested for distributing leaflets.
Leaflets urging 'real independence' or a boycott led military police to detain young Aounists; some faced military courts. Amnesty International counted about 200 arrests by December 1992, citing ill-treatment.

Sources differ: More than 120 (Picard) or about 200 (Amnesty, via Hanf).

\_this day in full

August 1992

summer (no day in the books) August 1992: day not established

After the war · From the books

First parliamentary elections since 1972, boycotted by most Christians.
In Baalbek-Hermel Hezbollah's list defeated the speaker's, and with Amal it took the Shiite seats. Few voted: about 10 percent in Beirut and 6.5 percent in Jbeil, where one deputy won with 41 votes. The major Christian currents had no seats.

Sources differ: Turnout: under 20 percent (Hanf, provisional official) or 30 percent (Picard). Hezbollah seats: Hanf counts a faction of fourteen, Picard nine deputies.

\_this day in full

October 1992

late October 1992: day not established

After the war · From the books

Rafiq Hariri becomes prime minister.
Hariri, a billionaire contractor and not a deputy, formed a cabinet of business people and technocrats in late October, centred on reconstruction. Within two weeks the dollar fell from 2,200 to 1,900 pounds. Berri became speaker that month; Jumblatt minister for the displaced.

Sources differ: Hanf's text prints 1982 for 1992, an obvious misprint.

\_this day in full

1992

1992: day not established

After the war · From the books

Demolitions begin in downtown Beirut for the reconstruction company.
From 1992 Solidere blew up shell-damaged central Beirut: part of the medieval wall, the gold souk ruins, Ottoman façades. Its 'tabula rasa' angered press and universities.

Sources differ: Picard dates the founding of Solidere to 1993 (next entry), after the demolitions Fisk describes in 1992.

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