Since 2005, 2019

Deadly incident at Qabr Chmoun during a visit by Gebran Bassil.
Two people died at Qabr Chmoun when Walid Jumblatt's supporters, contesting a visit by Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil, attacked a Druze minister close to Talal Arslan. Some likened it to the 1975 Ain al-Rummaneh bus; many Christians stayed away from their Mountain villages that summer.

Jumblatt and Arslan are reconciled under President Aoun's sponsorship.
The meeting ended the crisis opened by the Qabr Chmoun incident of 30 June.

A tax on WhatsApp calls sets off the 17 October uprising.
Protest began with angry crowds on the Ring bridge, the old East-West demarcation line, and quickly spread nationwide. Cutting across communities and known as hirak, intifada or thawra, the movement wanted a corrupt political class replaced and institutions rebuilt. Parties and financial interests soon hijacked it; de Clerck and Malsagne judge that it ended up deepening divisions.

Financial collapse: the pound loses 98 per cent of its value.
GDP fell from 52 to 21.8 billion dollars between 2019 and 2021, and the dollar rose from 1,500 to 89,600 pounds. Some call the elite's large-scale diversion of bank savings the 'heist of the century'. By 2024 about 44 per cent of the population lived below the poverty line.