111101 entry
111101 entry from the books the books disagree: each version, with the date it gives
- 1989
- January 1989
111101 entry
The extraordinary conference of Arab ministers of Foreign Affairs was held in Tunis without the Lebanese delegation although the conference covered primarily the Lebanese crisis.
What the books addHanf: Syria, isolated among Arab states, reluctantly accepted the Lebanon commission the Arab League's Council of Ministers set up on 12 January under Kuwait's foreign minister. Iraq launched it to check Syria.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
On the fifth day of a bloody duel, Amal and Hezbollah sink in the Iqlim-el-Touffah.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The great Lebanese poet and drama author, Georges Schehade, dies at the age of 81 in his Parisian house. Georges Schehade wrote in French.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The chief of the National Liberal Party, Dany Chamoun, met with Walid Joumblatt, chief of the Progressive Socialist Party, in Deir el Kamar. Moreover, Beiteddine was busy organizing the return of the refugees.
What the books addIn January 1989 Walid Jumblatt made his strongest appeal yet for displaced Christians to return to the Chouf and Aley. Dany Chamoun attended the conference Jumblatt held; Samir Geagea did not. According to Hanf, few displaced people returned.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Following negotiations conducted in Damascus, the pro-Syrian Amal movement and the pro-Iranian Hezbollah sign an agreement putting an end to their armed conflict that cost the life of 400 persons in 10 months.
What the books addThe dates differ: Hanf says Amal and Hezbollah suspended their war on 25 January, and also writes that the Syrian-Iranian ceasefire took until the spring. De Clerck and Malsagne date the ceasefire to February 1989. Picard names Syria and Iran as sponsors. Death tolls depend on the source and the period: some sources put civilian deaths at about 2,000 for 1988-1990 (de Clerck and Malsagne); an al-Nahar-based count gives 635 dead across 147 incidents between 1985 and 1991; Georges Corm estimated 2,000 dead for 1988-1989.In the list of 1989 ›- February 1989
111101 entry
Presidents Hoss, Husseini, and General Aoun did not come up with an agreement in Tunis.
What the books addHanf: Aoun told the Tunis meeting he could settle Lebanese differences himself once Syria withdrew; Hoss and Husseini put reform first.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
After 2 months of interruption, the Red Cross International Committee decides to resume its activities in Lebanon.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Anouar Fatayri, high official of the Progressive Socialist Party and his bodyguard Mohammed Saïd Abou Mehdi are assassinated in an ambush at the entry of the Jahlieh village in the Chouf.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Confrontations are taking place between the Lebanese Army and the Lebanese Forces in Jdeideh.
What the books addHanf cites estimates of 15,000 troops under Aoun and 10,000 militiamen, both sides heavily armed by Iraq, and dates the outbreak of heavy army-Lebanese Forces fighting to 10 February, Aoun accusing the militia of plotting a coup. De Clerck and Malsagne date the first clash to 14 February.Art and memoryIn the list of 1989 ›- artwork A strip of the cartoon 'Beyrouth Déroute' (Standjofski), printed in L'Orient-Le Jour in early 1989, mocks the shrinking and disputed limits of 'Greater Beirut'.
111101 entry
New confrontations between the army and the L.F. were taking place in Monteverde and next to the Justice Palace in Beirut, which created a general mobilization on both sides.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the first army-LF clash to 14 February: after 18 hours of fighting the army had the upper hand. Hanf dates the start to 10 February.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
An agreement on military disengagement is concluded between the Army and the L.F., within in a four-party committee.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne have a truce under the Maronite Patriarch's patronage from 17 February. Hanf says Aoun accepted a ceasefire once the militia agreed to hand over Dock Five of the port and the Bourbara checkpoint.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
A general Christian assembly is held in Bkerkeh, headquarters of the Maronite patriarch, in order to treat the L.F.-Army litigation.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
A meeting between General Aoun, Chief Commander of the Army, and Samir Geagea Chief of the L.F., takes place in Baabda. The goal of this meeting is to eliminate the differences between them.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The fifth basin of Beirut harbor, controlled by the L.F. is closed and the tax checkpoints of Berbara are dismantled.
What the books addHanf reports that within a week the dollar dropped from LL502 to LL450 and that state customs income rose quickly, though the Lebanese Forces honoured their February 1989 undertaking only in part. The army received Dock Five, the country's main customs post, and the Barbara checkpoint (Hanf spells it 'Bourbara').In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
A permanent political-military committee Army-L.F is formed to insure the normalization in the Eastern regions.
In the list of 1989 ›- March 1989
From the books
Hundreds of thousands flee the shelling of Beirut.
Estimates differ. De Clerck and Malsagne count 600,000 people fleeing north to Jounieh and Jbeil from East Beirut and its south-eastern suburbs, and 400,000 heading south from West Beirut and the southern suburbs; another chapter gives 250,000 Beirutis going south. Fisk reckons only about 100,000 civilians stayed in Beirut.
In the list of 1989 ›From the books
General Aoun orders a naval blockade of the militia ports of Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai.
Aoun had the navy and helicopter units close Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai, ports the PSP and Amal had kept, though Syria had officially warned him off militias beyond his own area. Frangieh's Marada had given Selaata port to the army.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Yarzeh reactivated 'The Maritime Operations Room:' instructed to watch the navigation movement in the Lebanese waters and to prevent boats from entering the illegal harbours of the country. Sami Khatib (chief commander of the army in the Western sector) closed the access to the port in retort to what was considered a blockade.
What the books addHanf puts Aoun's order to blockade Khalde, Jiyeh and Ouzai, the ports held by the PSP and Amal, on 3 March; de Clerck and Malsagne place the closure of the illegal ports on 6 March. Syria had warned Aoun against acting beyond 'his' area. Beirut and Jounieh harbours and the airport then all shut, Syrian and PSP guns shelling the first two, the army the third.In the list of 1989 ›From the books
The Druze militia of the PSP joins the fighting against the army.
The closure of the ports drew strong protests from Jumblatt, whose militia resumed fighting the army at Souk el-Gharb with Syrian artillery support.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Fire exchanges in Souk-el-Gharb had to end up in an explosion. Intensive bombardments of the residential areas, the airport, and the port made 32 deaths and 145 injured.
What the books addOn this day Aoun declared a 'war of liberation' against Syria. De Clerck and Malsagne say Syrian shelling of Christian areas and of the Ministry of Defence came first that day. Traboulsi and Picard say Aoun's artillery hit West Beirut and Syrian positions there. Picard's chronology dates the war from 14 March to 22 September.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
An attack against a bakery in Jal-el-Dib kills 15 and wounds 140.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Jounieh and the Museum crossroads are bombarded.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
All crossing roads are closed and a blockade is imposed against the East regions.
What the books addHanf: the Cyprus ferry had to stop for a while, since Syrian artillery could reach every Christian port. From 21 March Syria and its militia allies also shut every crossing into Aoun's territory, in Beirut, the mountains and the north.In the list of 1989 ›From the books
The PSP's first attempt to break the army's line at Souk el-Gharb fails.
De Clerck and Malsagne record a failed first PSP push through the army's lines at Souk el-Gharb; Jumblatt had reportedly been ordered by Damascus to send his own men to the front.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Hit by a shell, a butane reservoir explodes in Dora resulting in 66 injured and considerable damages.
In the list of 1989 ›- April 1989
From the books
23 Christian deputies urge a ceasefire at Bkerke; thousands of young people protest at them and the Patriarch.
Young people in their thousands protested against both the deputies and the Patriarch, which Hanf says Christian Lebanon had never seen. The deputies had offered to meet all parties concerned to restore peace; the Patriarch had said liberation must come through reason and dialogue.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
During a moving ceremony in the Lebanese embassy in Paris, 862 French apply for the Lebanese nationality.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne do not mention the ceremony, but they record a rally outside the Lebanese embassy in Paris that day: more than 2,000 people, brought together by Frédérique Deniau under the slogan 'We are all Lebanese', among them Jean d'Ormesson, Françoise Giroud, Abbé Pierre, André Glucksmann and Claude Mauriac.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Jean-Franois Deniau, emissary of the Quai d'Orsay, arrives in Beirut. He has to meet with General Aoun and President Hoss.
What the books addHanf: when Damascus protested, Paris called envoy Deniau's description of Syria as the aggressor in Lebanon his 'private opinion'.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The French Secretary of State to the Human Action, Bernard Kouchner, arrives in Beirut in order to prepare and explain the arrival of the hospital ship 'La Rance' and the oil tanker 'Penhors'.
What the books addBadly wounded people from East and West Beirut were evacuated on French ships. Hanf says France sent its hospital ship and petrol tanker to back Aoun, then, after Syrian threats, called them humanitarian aid for all Lebanese.In the list of 1989 ›From the books
Some 10,000 shells and rockets hit the Christian enclave on the war's anniversary.
Aoun's artillery fired back at Syrian targets from Beirut to Baalbek. In the enclave electricity failed entirely, hospitals and grain silos burned, and petrol and food ran short. Hanf calls it the heaviest bombardment since Israel's 1982 siege of West Beirut.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The Spanish Ambassador in Lebanon, Don Pedro Manuel de Aristegui, dies in his Hadeth residence hit by a 240 mm shell. His father in law, the great Lebanese writer Toufic Aouad, as well as his sister in law are among the victims.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne list the Spanish ambassador among the ambassadors killed during the war. They date his death to 16 April 1989 and attribute it to Syrian shelling.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The French oil tanker 'Penhors' discharges 4700 tons of fuel at the power plant of Zouk. This unloading allows the redistribution of power at the rate of 2 hours a day.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The Arab ministers meeting in Tunis wish to see a cease-fire and a deployment of Arab observers.
What the books addHanf reads Aoun's acceptance of the Tunis appeal as dropping the steps against illegal militia ports that had set off the confrontation.In the list of 1989 ›- May 1989
From the books
The Arab troika asks Lebanon's deputies to convene abroad.
Damascus renewed its shelling of the Christian enclave and tightened the blockade after the three leaders, to speed things up, invited Lebanon's parliament to meet abroad and draft a national reconciliation text.
In the list of 1989 ›From the books
Aoun recasts his 'war of liberation' as a diplomatic campaign; Syrian shelling starts again.
Within a week Syrian shelling of the enclave was back at full intensity; Hanf says Syria and its allies kept the Arab League ceasefire only a few days. Aoun, having accepted it, recast his war as a diplomatic struggle.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
Lakhdar Ibrahimi, General Secretary of the Arab League, arrives in Beirut looking to find a diplomatic solution to the crisis.
What the books addLakhdar Brahimi was Deputy (assistant) Secretary-General of the Arab League, not its Secretary-General. After the Casablanca summit he headed the troika's secretariat in Jeddah.In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
For the first time since about a month, a new ship accosts in the Jounieh port to embark and disembark passengers. It is a hovercraft.
In the list of 1989 ›111101 entry
The Mufti of the Republic, Sheikh Hassan Khaled was killed during an attack that killed 10 and injured 76 in Ayche Bakkar, in West Beirut.
What the books addHanf notes that since the 1988 presidential election failed, the Mufti had acted as a go-between for the Aoun and Hoss cabinets; his killing was taken as a warning to anyone dealing with Aoun.Art and memoryIn the list of 1989 ›- memorial As Achrafieh did for Bashir Gemayel, Basta and Bashura in Beirut redressed their streets each year for the anniversary of Mufti Hassan Khaled's killing, Haugbolle notes.
From the books
The Arab summit opens in Casablanca and names a committee of three heads of state on Lebanon.
The Casablanca summit's resolution did not name Syria. It gave King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, King Hassan II of Morocco and President Chadli Bendjedid of Algeria six months to convene the Lebanese parliament, which was to adopt reforms, elect a president and restore Lebanon's sovereignty.
In the list of 1989 ›
End of the chronology.