lebanese war
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421 news for February, June, July, September

with the books

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June 24, 1986tuesday
A buffer force from the Lebanese Army deployed around the Palestinian camps. Calm was back for good on June 28.

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Hanf says the army units around the camps were backed by a Syrian battalion.

June 28, 1986saturday
The army and the Internal Security Forces deployed in West Beirut supported by civilian Syrian observers.

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July 3, 1986thursday
The Lebanese General Confederation of Workers called for a strike to protest against the increase in prices.

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The labour confederation's 1986 strikes began a run of ever more political protests against the war (Hanf, de Clerck and Malsagne, Traboulsi).

July 4, 1986friday
200 Commandos of the special Syrian forces helped the Lebanese Army and the Internal Security Forces to maintain security in Beirut.

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July 14, 1986monday
The Israeli aviation launched a raid on Baissour, Aitate, and Chemlane. The target was PSP, PFLP, and DFLP positions; 5 persons died and 11 were injured in the operation.

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July 19, 1986saturday
A killing attempt was perpetrated against a bus transporting AUB students and employees from West to East Beirut. Four dead including three students and five wounded including two doctors were reported. This massacre constituted a challenge to the pacification plan.

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July 26, 1986saturday
Father Martin Lawrence Jenco, a US Catholic cleric, was released. The Islamic Jihad had kidnapped him in January 1985.

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July 28, 1986monday
A bomb set in a Mercedes car exploded in Ain El Remmaneh killing 31 persons and injuring 128 others. How long will innocents of all religions be paying the price of a war that had lasted for too long?

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July 29, 1986tuesday
Death hit this time in Barbir. 22 dead and 163 wounded victims were reported. The helplessness of the Lebanese was pitiful.

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September 2, 1986tuesday
The first meeting of the Dialog Committee was held at the Beirut racecourse. The ten members of the government met for the first time since November 1985. The Ministers decided to elaborate a new National Pact.

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The meetings produced no agreement (Hanf).

September 4, 1986thursday
The war against Westerners had new targets now. It was the turn of UNIFL soldiers to be aggressed. Three French Blue Helmets were killed in Jouaya in South Lebanon. The UN Security Council called for urgent security measures in favor of the UNIFL.

\_this day in full the books also date it 23 September 1986 \_on this day

September 10, 1986wednesday
The Islamic Jihad kidnapped Frank Reed, director of the Lebanese International College and Victor Kanho, governor of the Lion's Club in Lebanon and Jordan.

\_this day in full the books also date it 9 September 1986 \_on this day

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Fisk dates Frank Reed's kidnapping to 9 September.

September 12, 1986friday
Another US national, James Cicippio was kidnapped on the AUB campus, therefore raising the number of Americans kidnapped to 6.

\_this day in full the books also date it 9 September 1986 \_on this day

September 18, 1986thursday
While a terrorist vague submerged France, the French military attaché, Christian Goutierre was assassinated in Mar Takla.

\_this day in full the books also date it 17 September 1986 \_on this day

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He was shot in the head 25 m from the ambassador's office, a day after the rue de Rennes attack in Paris (7 dead, 55 wounded).

September 25, 1986thursday
The UNIFL Blue Helmets repositioned themselves; they occupied three out of the 32 positions they were initially occupying.

\_this day in full the books also date it 23 September 1986 \_on this day

September 27, 1986saturday
500 fighters led by Elie Hobeika entered Achrafieh where they fought ferociously with Geagea's men. The Lebanese Forces and the army rebuffed the infiltration. 65 persons lost their lives in the operation while 200 others were wounded.

\_this day in full the books also date it 26 September 1986, 29 September 1986 \_on this day

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Dates differ: 27 September (de Clerck and Malsagne), 29 September (Hanf), or by 26 September (Ménargues). Hanf has the Lebanese army halting an attack launched across the green line from West Beirut, after which former comrades killed a few hundred of Hobeika's men.

September 29, 1986monday
Colonel Khalil Kanaan was assassinated in his home in Hazmieh. A French journalist, Jean-Marc Sroussi, was kidnapped in the Southern suburbs of Beirut.

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February 1, 1987sunday
The MEA suspended its flights therefore causing a de facto closing of the Beirut International Airport, while the few companies that were still flying into the airport (Soviet, Czech, and Bulgarian) decided to cancel their flights.

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February 2, 1987monday
The Swiss Embassy was the last embassy to close in West Beirut.

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February 6, 1987friday
The Lebanese Pound recorded a historic decline compared to the dollar which had almost reached the 100 LBP threshold. This fall worried the population.

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De Clerck and Malsagne call 1987's currency crisis the gravest since independence, the pound losing up to 90 percent of its value; on Banque du Liban figures (Hanf), it fell from about 35 to the dollar in 1986 to some 520.

February 7, 1987saturday
The confrontations intensified around the Palestinian camps of Chatila and Bourj Brajneh. The risk of escalation intensified.

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By late 1986, say de Clerck and Malsagne, Chatila was 90 percent destroyed, yet 500 to 1,000 Palestinians held out inside. In the winter of 1987, Picard writes, many Palestinians in the besieged Beirut camps died of hunger.

February 12, 1987thursday
While the Lebanese Pound continued to fall, the chief of State Amine Gemayel, arrived in Bruxelles to request a social and economic help from the European countries.

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February 15, 1987sunday
A vast military confrontation between Amal and the PSP erupted in West Beirut. It was a prelude to the entrance of 12,000 Syrian soldiers in this region. However, they didn't deploy in the Southern suburbs.

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Hanf has the PSP and its leftist allies overrunning Amal's Murr Tower headquarters and taking Hamra after five days of what he calls West Beirut's worst fighting, its destruction on the scale of the 1982 siege. The size of the Syrian force differs by source: 12,000 soldiers plus Special Forces (de Clerck and Malsagne), 8,000 (Quéméner), two brigades (Hanf), the re-formed 85th Brigade (Fisk). The troops entered on 22 February according to most sources (see addition 1987-02-22).

June 1, 1987monday
The Prime Minister Rachid Karameh was assassinated, torn to shreds by the explosion on the helicopter that was supposed to take him from Tripoli to West-Beirut. However, his post as Chief of the Cabinet did not remain vacant: Selim Hoss was designated by presidential decree as the interim Chief of Government.

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Karami had announced his resignation on 4 May. Who was responsible is disputed: Hanf (1993) writes that it was never established who planted the bomb in the army helicopter; de Clerck and Malsagne report that it was attributed to Samir Geagea's Lebanese Forces, and Picard notes that Geagea was later tried for it. Selim al-Hoss, Minister of Education, became acting prime minister; the cabinet never met again and governed by circulated decrees.

June 3, 1987wednesday
A Syrian delegation led by Abdel-Halim Khaddam, the Syrian Republic's Vice-President attend the national funerals of Karame in Tripoli.

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June 5, 1987friday
The President of the National Assembly, Hussein Husseini, announces his resignation, thus increasing the institutional gap.

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June 17, 1987wednesday
Walid Joumblatt, leader of the PSP, and Nabih Berri, leader of the Amal militia, become reconciled under the aegis of the Syrian Vice-President Abdel-Halim Khaddam, and publish an agreement for fighting in 7 points.

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June 18, 1987thursday
An American journalist, Charles Glass, accompanied by the son of the Minister of Defense Ali Adel Osseirane, are kidnapped in Ouzaï.

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June 19, 1987friday
The price of fuel goes up from 190 LBP to 290 LBP for 20 litres while the gas demijohn goes up from 110 LBP to 155 LBP. The index of livelihood cost has increased by 82,8 % since January.

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June 24, 1987wednesday
While Ali Adel Osseirane is set free, hope for the quick release of the American journalist fades.

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July 1, 1987wednesday
The American Ambassador in Lebanon confirms to President Gemayel that the policy of his country towards Lebanon hasn't changed.

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July 2, 1987thursday
Lebanon has just lost in Kesrouan, Labaki, one of its best journalists and most fervent defenders.

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July 3, 1987friday
An Israeli raid against a PSNS base in Ammik in the Bekaa injures 13 persons.

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July 6, 1987monday
The high depreciation of the Lebanese Pound breks, in the beginning of the week, all historical drop records and provokes panic on the exchange market. The national currency breaks the plateau of 162 LBP for 1 American Dollar.

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Picard records an eightfold price rise and a thirtyfold fall of the pound against the dollar from summer 1984 to summer 1987.

July 11, 1987saturday
Walid Joumblatt, Minister of Tourism and Leader of the Progressist Socialist Party, presides this evening, the opening ceremony of the Emir Amin's Palace. Closed down since the first years of the war, this edifice, that used to belong to the Intercontinental chain of hotels, resumes its vocation as a prestigious palace.

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July 17, 1987friday
The Minister of Finance, President Camille Chamoun, publishes a decision ordering the Governor of the Central Bank, Edmond Naïm, not to intervene to stabilize the exchange market before contacting him..

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July 24, 1987friday
A Lebanese, Ali Mohamad Hariri, hijacks an Air Africa plane in Geneva and demands the release of the hamade brothers held captive in the German Federal Republic. The operation ends with the arrest of the hijacker, killing 1 person and injuring 31.

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July 27, 1987monday
The Israeli attack against the APL (Maarouf Saad's Forces in Saida ) kills 7 persons and wounds 3.

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July 31, 1987friday
The Security Coucil renews the mandate of the FINUL.

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September 1, 1987tuesday
President Gemayel arrives in Quebec to request, in front of the Francophony Summit, the creapour demander, the creation of Special Support Funds in Lebanon.

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