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July 30, 1985tuesday
Syria delivered 46 tanks to the Amal movement while surprise bombardments continued in Beirut and civilians were still being kidnapped on the crossing points.
\_this day in full \_on this day
\_what the books add
Hanf counts fifty tanks for Amal, thirty for the army's Sixth Brigade and none for the PSP; Picard mentions T-54 tanks.
September 4, 1985wednesday
14 dead and 74 injured persons were reported in Zahleh as a result of a car bomb explosion. Three days later, the Syrians invaded the town.
\_this day in full the books also date it 11 August 1985 \_on this day
\_what the books add
Syrian troops entered Zahleh on 7 September after the Lebanese Forces' withdrawal (Hanf).
September 5, 1985thursday
September 10, 1985tuesday
Syrian observers tried to calm the situation in the Palestinian camp of Bourj Brajneh. Violent combats had opposed Amal to the Palestinians in this camp, causing 40 deaths and 120 injuries.
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September 12, 1985thursday
September 16, 1985monday
In Tripoli, ten soldiers from the Lebanese Army were killed and 35 others wounded by shells that fell on the Bahjat Ghanem barracks.
\_this day in full the books also date it 7 October 1985 \_on this day
\_what the books add
On 7 October, Hanf writes, 20,000 Syrian soldiers entered Tripoli, after pro-Syrian groups had in September 1985 attacked the Tawheed movement then holding the city; some 250,000 civilians fled.
September 18, 1985wednesday
September 24, 1985tuesday
A first Lebanese Forces-Amal-PSP meeting was held in Damascus.
\_this day in full \_on this day
\_what the books add
In Hanf's account Berri offered the Christians a choice: a census to reset sectarian proportions, or an end to proportionality. Asked by Jumblatt why Syria dealt with Hobeika, Khaddam reportedly said everyone in Lebanon was a murderer.
September 28, 1985saturday
September 30, 1985monday
Three diplomats from the Soviet embassy and the chancellery's doctor were kidnapped in West Beirut. One of them was killed later, while the three others were released on October 30. Twelve Western nationals remained held hostages by Islamist organizations.
\_this day in full the books also date it 1 October 1985 \_on this day
\_what the books add
Fisk dates it 1 October 1985, de Clerck and Malsagne September. Arkady Katkov was killed. Fisk thinks Sunni fundamentalists wanted Moscow to make Syria halt its Tripoli offensive against Tawheed. The others' release is credited probably to the KGB and Syria by de Clerck and Malsagne, to Syrian mediation by Hanf.
January 1, 1986wednesday
It is a bad beginning of the year for the Lebanese Forces. A conflict emerged within the party, causing exchanges of rockets and gunshots in Zalka and Nahr El Mott. Ten persons were killed or wounded. The signature by Elie Hobeika of the tripartite agreement in Damascus, triggered the fight.
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Hanf says that once the Tripartite Agreement had been signed, on 28 December 1985, Hobeika turned Lebanese Forces units against militias loyal to President Gemayel and the Kataeb.
January 13, 1986monday
13 hours of combats and military operations opposed the Phalangists, followers of the President of the Republic, to Elie Hobeika and his men. The Army intervened to separate the belligerents.
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January 14, 1986tuesday
The eleventh Gemayel-Assad summit was a total failure.
\_this day in full the books also date it 13 January 1986 \_on this day
\_what the books add
For Gemayel, says Traboulsi, the accord robbed the presidency of its arbitrating role; they last met on 13-14 January 1986.
January 15, 1986wednesday
In eight hours of violent fights, 100 persons were killed, and the chief of staff of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea, evinced Elie Hobeika sending him into exile.
\_this day in full the books also date it 12 March 1986 \_on this day
\_what the books add
Historians date Geagea's takeover to 15 January 1986 (de Clerck and Malsagne; Picard's chronology dates Gemayel's rejection of the accord to the same day). Traboulsi's narrative gives 12 March 1986 instead. De Clerck and Malsagne put the dead at about 800, far above the 100 given here. Hobeika was flown out by army helicopter after an army mediation backed by the patriarch, was briefly exiled in France, then settled in Zahle under Syrian protection.
January 16, 1986thursday
Confrontations started on the Northern Metn front. The shells kept falling intermittently during several months on Bickfaya, the Metn and the Kesrouan. The population in these regions was living in the fear of car bombs and blind bombardments.
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Hanf dates the main offensive, by SSNP fighters with Syrian support toward Bikfaya (at Douar and on the Baskinta-Bikfaya road), to the second half of February; it was stopped by the Lebanese army.
January 21, 1986tuesday
A car bomb exploded in Furn El Chebback. An entire street of over 100 meters was devastated, 30 persons were killed, and 132 others were wounded.
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January 23, 1986thursday
The Lebanese Pound registered a fast decline. A new record was broken when the Dollar was being exchanged for 24 Lebanese Pounds.
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January 26, 1986sunday
The Lebanese radical opposition called President Gemayel to resign.
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\_what the books add
Hanf writes that Prime Minister Karami joined Jumblatt and Berri in boycotting cabinet sessions chaired by Gemayel, whose resignation the two had demanded after the Tripartite Agreement failed.
February 1, 1986saturday
A delegation from the Union of Independent Maronite Deputies visited Damascus in an effort to reestablish the dialogue between the Christians and Syria.
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February 12, 1986wednesday
A bomb exploded in Ain El Remmaneh next to the entrance of a building where a Phalange Party office was located. Two persons lost their lives and 17 others were injured.
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February 18, 1986tuesday
President Gemayel met French President Miterrand and Pope John Paul II in the Vatican. He also met King Hassan II of Morocco.
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February 24, 1986monday
Islamists killed a communist leader, Souheil Tawileh, in Mazraa. Four days earlier, another communist leader, Khalil Nous, was assassinated. Meanwhile, terrorist-killing attempts continued in the Eastern regions. A car bomb exploded on the Salomeh intersection, causing 4 dead and 16 injured.
\_this day in full \_on this day
\_what the books add
Picard places the wave of killings of Communist and pro-Iraqi Baath leaders in January 1986.
July 3, 1986thursday
The Lebanese General Confederation of Workers called for a strike to protest against the increase in prices.
\_this day in full \_on this day
\_what the books add
The labour confederation's 1986 strikes began a run of ever more political protests against the war (Hanf, de Clerck and Malsagne, Traboulsi).
July 4, 1986friday
200 Commandos of the special Syrian forces helped the Lebanese Army and the Internal Security Forces to maintain security in Beirut.
\_this day in full \_on this day
July 14, 1986monday
The Israeli aviation launched a raid on Baissour, Aitate, and Chemlane. The target was PSP, PFLP, and DFLP positions; 5 persons died and 11 were injured in the operation.
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July 19, 1986saturday
A killing attempt was perpetrated against a bus transporting AUB students and employees from West to East Beirut. Four dead including three students and five wounded including two doctors were reported. This massacre constituted a challenge to the pacification plan.
\_this day in full \_on this day
July 28, 1986monday
A bomb set in a Mercedes car exploded in Ain El Remmaneh killing 31 persons and injuring 128 others. How long will innocents of all religions be paying the price of a war that had lasted for too long?
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July 29, 1986tuesday
Death hit this time in Barbir. 22 dead and 163 wounded victims were reported. The helplessness of the Lebanese was pitiful.
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September 2, 1986tuesday
The first meeting of the Dialog Committee was held at the Beirut racecourse. The ten members of the government met for the first time since November 1985. The Ministers decided to elaborate a new National Pact.
\_this day in full \_on this day
\_what the books add
The meetings produced no agreement (Hanf).
September 4, 1986thursday
The war against Westerners had new targets now. It was the turn of UNIFL soldiers to be aggressed. Three French Blue Helmets were killed in Jouaya in South Lebanon. The UN Security Council called for urgent security measures in favor of the UNIFL.
\_this day in full the books also date it 23 September 1986 \_on this day
September 10, 1986wednesday
The Islamic Jihad kidnapped Frank Reed, director of the Lebanese International College and Victor Kanho, governor of the Lion's Club in Lebanon and Jordan.
\_this day in full the books also date it 9 September 1986 \_on this day
\_what the books add
Fisk dates Frank Reed's kidnapping to 9 September.
September 12, 1986friday
Another US national, James Cicippio was kidnapped on the AUB campus, therefore raising the number of Americans kidnapped to 6.
\_this day in full the books also date it 9 September 1986 \_on this day
September 18, 1986thursday
While a terrorist vague submerged France, the French military attaché, Christian Goutierre was assassinated in Mar Takla.
\_this day in full the books also date it 17 September 1986 \_on this day
\_what the books add
He was shot in the head 25 m from the ambassador's office, a day after the rue de Rennes attack in Paris (7 dead, 55 wounded).
September 25, 1986thursday
The UNIFL Blue Helmets repositioned themselves; they occupied three out of the 32 positions they were initially occupying.
\_this day in full the books also date it 23 September 1986 \_on this day
September 27, 1986saturday
500 fighters led by Elie Hobeika entered Achrafieh where they fought ferociously with Geagea's men. The Lebanese Forces and the army rebuffed the infiltration. 65 persons lost their lives in the operation while 200 others were wounded.
\_this day in full the books also date it 26 September 1986, 29 September 1986 \_on this day
\_what the books add
Dates differ: 27 September (de Clerck and Malsagne), 29 September (Hanf), or by 26 September (Ménargues). Hanf has the Lebanese army halting an attack launched across the green line from West Beirut, after which former comrades killed a few hundred of Hobeika's men.
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