120 entries on 108 dates · the books disagree on 28
dates 1–60 of 108 next
November 1972
Saturday, 11 November 1972
The road to war · From the books
Police fire on Ghandour strikers, killing two.
Two workers died on 11 November 1972 when security forces opened fire outside Ghandour's Chiyah plant: Fatima al-Khawaja of the Communist Party and Yusuf al-Attar of the OCA's workers' committees. Others were wounded. De Clerck & Malsagne call it the first workers' protest since independence put down with deadly force.
Sources differ: Wounded: 14 (Traboulsi) or 19, including 13 policemen (de Clerck & Malsagne).
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January 1975
Saturday, 11 January 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Patriarch Meouchi died
The 70th Maronite patriarch of Antioch and the Middle East died of a hart attack. He was 81 years old.
Other date in the books: Monday, 3 February 1975
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March 1975
Wednesday, 19 March 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Imam Moussa Sadr remained the spiritual leader of the Shiite community until he was 65 years old.
The Imam was 48 years old. His mandate was extended unanimously by the General assembly of the Superior Shiite Council.
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April 1975
September 1975
Friday, 19 September 1975
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Beirut was the theater of numerous troubles - street fights, plastic bomb attacks, and fires were reported. The downtown, the heart of the old Beirut, was in fire too, and the heart of the Lebanese full of fear. At night, a cease-fire was announced.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne date the start of fighting in central Beirut to the night of 17-18 September 1975; Hanf and Traboulsi hold the Kataeb responsible for shelling the old souks. A cease-fire and the setting-up of the National Dialogue Committee followed.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 17 September 1975
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November 1975
Wednesday, 19 November 1975
The Lebanese war · Added from the books range
French envoy Maurice Couve de Murville begins a mediation mission.
Giscard d'Estaing's envoy Maurice Couve de Murville was in Beirut on 19-30 November, then Damascus until 2 December. Paris did not call it a mediation (Picard: a fact-finding mission); de Clerck and Malsagne find it made no headway.
Sources differ: Picard calls the mission successful; de Clerck and Malsagne say it achieved nothing notable.
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March 1976
Thursday, 11 March 1976
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
After a day marked by the resignation of Rachid Karameh and the aggravation of the war of barracks in Tripoli, a military Coup was executed by Corporal Aziz Ahdab, commanding the place of Beirut. Corporal Ahdab was supported by the Commander of the army, 270 loyalist officers, Syria, and the Palestine Liberation Army. He claimed the resignation of Sleiman Frangieh, but the President refused to give up and locked himself in Baabda.
What the books addOn 11 March Brigadier-General Aziz al-Ahdab, Beirut garrison commander (retired, says Traboulsi), seized the television station, named himself interim military governor and called for Frangieh's resignation and an early election. Few troops stood behind him and Syria opposed him: on 15 March PLA and Saiqa units under Syrian control blocked his men and Khatib's Lebanese Arab Army on their way to Baabda. Backed by Chamoun, Gemayel and President Assad, Frangieh refused to go.
Other date in the books: Monday, 15 March 1976
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July 1976
November 1976
Thursday, 11 November 1976
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
For the second time in 6 months, the leader of the National Bloc, Raymond Eddeh, escaped from a killing attempt in front of his home.
What the books addDe Clerck and Malsagne report that Eddé went into exile in Paris after surviving three attempts on his life, one of them outside his home.
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March 1977
Saturday, 19 March 1977
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An airplane was hijacked between Turkey and Lebanon.
The operation began 50 minutes after a Boeing 727 on the Diarbakin-Ankara route took off with 182 passengers aboard and 6 crewmembers. Two hijackers forced the airplane to head towards Beirut where it landed at 4pm. The Lebanese authorities took charge of the situation and began negotiations with the hijackers. Ultimately, the passengers were released and the police arrested the hijackers.
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April 1977
Monday, 11 April 1977
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Colonel Sami Khatib was appointed commander of the Arab Strike Force.
What the books addSami al-Khatib took over the ADF from Ahmad al-Hajj, who never won Syria's trust, and led it until 1983.
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June 1977
October 1977
Wednesday, 19 October 1977
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A sensational hold up took place in the Kantari sector. Gangsters attacked a customs wagon and seized a 2 810 000 LP booty.
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
In order to deal with the economic recession caused by the two-year crisis and the unbearable increase of the cost of living, the government decided to help both employers and salaried. He raised the minimum wage to 415 LP and granted facilities to the employers.
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November 1977
Saturday, 19 November 1977
The Lebanese war · Added from the books range
Sadat's visit to Jerusalem overturns alliances in Lebanon (context).
Sadat was in Jerusalem from 19 to 21 November and spoke to the Knesset; he had said on 9 November that he was willing to go. Historians see the Lebanese camps realigning from then on: Syria, left isolated, moved towards the PLO, whose fighters resumed operations from the south, and the Lebanese Front looked to Israel. Hanf concludes that Egypt's peace made war in Lebanon inevitable.
Sources differ: Traboulsi gives 19-21 November; Hanf gives the arrival on 19 November.
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 9 November 1977
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March 1978
Saturday, 11 March 1978
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A Fatah commando lands near Haifa and hijacks a bus on the coastal road; 37 Israelis are killed.
Nine Fatah gunmen from Lebanon came ashore near Haifa, shot several people on a beach and seized a bus, which they drove towards Tel Aviv. All nine and many of the passengers died when Israeli troops halted it; the Israeli toll was 37. Three days later Israel invaded South Lebanon.
Sources differ: Hanf dates the attack to 14 March and gives 34 dead; Fisk and Quéméner give 37 dead. Fisk's 11 March agrees with de Clerck and Malsagne's 'three days' before 14 March, but Fisk calls it a Sunday, whereas 11 March 1978 was a Saturday.
Other date in the books: Tuesday, 14 March 1978
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Sunday, 19 March 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Security council adopted the 425 Resolution which stipulated the expedition of 4,000 blue helmets to confirm the withdrawal of the Israeli forces. They had also to assist the Lebanese government in the restoration of its authority in the region.
What the books addResolution 425 was adopted with Resolution 426, which set up the force; the USSR abstained (de Clerck and Malsagne). UNIFIL later numbered about 6,000 soldiers, with France providing the largest first contingent (1,290 men).
Other date in the books: Saturday, 18 March 1978
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April 1978
Tuesday, 11 April 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Violent fights were reported on the axis Chyah-Ain el Remmaneh. The Arab Strike Force intervened, bombing violently Ain el Remmaneh and establishing a 500-meter wide buffer zone.
What the books addBy now Syria was fighting on the Palestinians' side. Hanf says the clashes ended once the Arab Deterrent Force's Saudi and Sudanese contingents deployed between Chiyah and Ain el-Remmaneh.
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Wednesday, 19 April 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Hoss government, formed in December of 1976, resigned. El Hoss himself was soon asked, on April 28, to form the new government.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Haddad's militia attacks UNIFIL headquarters at Naqoura.
Eight UN soldiers, six Irish and two Dutch, were wounded when mortar, RPG and heavy machine-gun fire hit UNIFIL's Naqoura headquarters, inside Haddad's enclave, at midnight. Israel ordered Haddad to end the siege only once the UN asked it.
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May 1978
Thursday, 11 May 1978
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Sleiman Frangieh leaves the Lebanese Front.
The Lebanese Front's links with Israel led former president Sleiman Frangieh to quit it, costing the Front its hold on the Christian north.
Sources differ: De Clerck and Malsagne (p. 288) also date his withdrawal to after the Ehden killings, which would be later in June.
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September 1978
Tuesday, 19 September 1978
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
In Lebanon strikes multiplied.
In East Beirut, a strike was organized to protest against the presence of the 'Green Helmets', while in West Beirut protests were against the mysterious disappearance of Imama Moussa Sadr. Christian leaders did not want to renew the Arab Strike Force's mandate unless it was done under new conditions.
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December 1978
January 1979
Friday, 19 January 1979
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Israeli army launched a triple air, ground and sea operation against Arnoun, Aichieh and the costal region. These events caused 16 dead, 12 injured and 25 prisoners.
Concurrently, the Security Council renewed the UNIFL mandate until Beirut elaborated a program re-establishing its authority in Southern Lebanon.
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May 1979
June 1979
December 1979
Wednesday, 19 December 1979
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An ongoing manifestation in Tripoli went out of control. The demonstrators protesting against the increase of the cost of living, vandalized Tripoli's seraglio and molested the Mohafez of Northern Lebanon. The administrations and public services clerks in Tripoli decided to stop working for 3 days.
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May 1980
June 1980
Thursday, 19 June 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The first official exams since the beginning of the war were held as usual.
We are far from the excessive cheating reported last year. However, the Minister of National Education had to cancel the Baccalaureate exams in South Lebanon because of the chaotic atmosphere that was prevailing.
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July 1980
Friday, 11 July 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
In order to reach an agreement with the Phalange Party, Camille Chamoun requested the restitution of the NLP's posts and armaments as well as the return to the Status Quo. Dany Chamoun visited President Sleiman Frangieh.
What the books addHanf: Dany Chamoun left politics, but his father Camille, badly shaken by the loss of his party's militia, put the Lebanese Front's political unity first and remained its chairman.
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August 1980
Tuesday, 19 August 1980
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An Israeli raid targeted the region of Arnoun.
Violent confrontations opposed Palestinian Progressive 'common forces' and 60 Israeli soldiers backed by helicopters. The 'common forces' reported 25 dead and 30 injured, while Israelis reported 20 victims. The next day, a double Israeli raid targeted Nabatyeh.
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October 1980
January 1981
February 1981
May 1981
Monday, 11 May 1981
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Once again, the civil population of East and West Beirut was under siege. The criminal violence claimed the lives of 18 persons and injured another173. A war psychosis haunted the Bekaa region where the residents were fleeing from the areas next to the SAM anti-aircrafts missiles deployed by the Syrian forces, fearing a Syrian-Israeli confrontation.
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
The Lebanese Forces agree to the reopening of Beirut airport.
On 11 May US ambassador John Gunther Dean asked the Lebanese Forces, who had been shelling Beirut airport, to allow it to reopen as a gesture that would help Habib's mission. By evening an LF statement had withdrawn their objection.
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September 1981
Friday, 11 September 1981
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Museum roadway was officially reopened after several days of shilly-shallying.
What the books addMénargues sets the agreement at the Vigilance Committee meeting of 11 September, where Syria's Mohammad Ghanem came out for deploying the Lebanese Army from Sodeco to the port. The Museum crossing, almost completely shut for five months, reopened on 12 September.
Other date in the books: Saturday, 12 September 1981
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December 1981
January 1982
May 1982
June 1982
Friday, 11 June 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
207 civilians died and 647 were wounded as a result of the Israeli barbarian operations.
What the books addRobert Fisk cites Red Cross and police counts of 9,583 killed and 16,608 wounded across Lebanon by 14 June; Israel's own civilian casualty figure for 4-21 June was 460. Hanf notes that the Syrian-Israeli ceasefire of 11 June excluded the PLO.
Other dates in the books: Friday, 4 June 1982, Monday, 14 June 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A ceasefire between Syria and Israel takes effect; it does not cover the PLO.
Under US pressure prompted by Moscow, Begin agreed a late-morning ceasefire with Syria, before his army reached the Beirut-Damascus road. Attacks on the Palestinians and the drive on Beirut continued.
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Saturday, 19 June 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
A pause in the bombing of West Beirut sets off an exodus towards the east.
When heavy bombing ceased at dawn, West Beirut residents crowded east through the Museum crossing, the only one open, past Israeli and Lebanese Forces checks; southern-suburb refugees, Palestinian and Shi'i, occupied empty buildings around Hamra.
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July 1982
Monday, 19 July 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
While Beirut was still under blockade, sporadic confrontations opposed the Israelis and the Palestinians, and innocent victims continued to fall. The President of the AUB, David Dodge, was kidnapped in the middle of the campus.
What the books addDavid Dodge was the acting president of AUB. Two gunmen in a car seized him on the campus; he was held for a year, taken to Iran, and released with Syrian help (Fisk).
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August 1982
September 1982
Saturday, 11 September 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Bashir Gemayel meets Saeb Salam, the leading Sunni figure of West Beirut.
Bashir Gemayel, now pledging to be president of all Lebanese and distancing himself from Israel, met Saeb Salam at Baabda; West Beirut's Sunni leaders proved ready to work with him.
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October 1982
Tuesday, 19 October 1982
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
After the triumphal welcome he received in New York and at the United Nation, President Gemayel realized some progress during his meetings with the U.S. President Ronald Reagan, towards a permanent resolution of the Lebanese crisis.
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November 1982
Thursday, 11 November 1982
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
An explosion destroys the Israeli military headquarters in Tyre.
Israel first suggested a gas leak. The eight-storey building had fallen in seconds; from its ruins came 75 Israeli dead, many from Shin Bet, and 15 Lebanese and Palestinian prisoners held there.
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January 1983
Tuesday, 11 January 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Bombs fell on Hadeth and Baabda. For the first time since the Israeli invasion in June 1982 and since the Multinational Force arrived in Beirut, the guns came closer to the capital as bombs fell on the suburbs of Hadeth, Baabda, Kfarchima and Bsaba killing 2 and injuring 9.
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March 1983
Saturday, 19 March 1983
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Israeli jeeps attempt to push into the Marines' positions by Beirut airport.
Israeli fire nearly hit several Marines when soldiers in two Israeli jeeps tried to enter the Marine lines. Washington then ordered regular Marine meetings with Israeli liaison officers, from which Shi'i militiamen concluded the Americans were feeding Israel intelligence.
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July 1983
Tuesday, 19 July 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
President Gemayel, accompanied by the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, began an eight-day official visit to the United States where he met with President Reagan. The meetings were centered on the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Lebanon.
What the books addIsrael's announcement on 20 July of an early pull-out from the Chouf mountains, made while Gemayel was in Washington, alarmed Western ambassadors in Beirut (Fisk).
Other date in the books: Wednesday, 20 July 1983
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September 1983
Monday, 19 September 1983
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The American warships pounded the anti-governmental forces in the mountain confirming the American support to the legal authority.
What the books addFrom 19 September the destroyer John Rodgers, then the cruiser Virginia, shelled Druze positions at Souk el-Gharb. Washington cited US personnel's safety; Fisk and Hanf see entry into the civil war. Only the frigate Bowen had fired before, on 8 September, at a Druze battery hitting the Marine compound.
Other date in the books: Sunday, 18 September 1983
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February 1984
Saturday, 11 February 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
French porpoises and Internal Security forces took in charge the Museum crossing point.
What the books add'Porpoises' is a literal rendering of the French 'marsouins', the nickname of the French marine infantry (troupes de marine).
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April 1984
Thursday, 19 April 1984
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
An agreement was signed during the new Assad-Gemayel summit in Damascus. It included the following points: forming a national union government, consolidating of the cease-fire, and reorganizing the Army.
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June 1984
December 1984
January 1985
Saturday, 19 January 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
Armed confrontations and artillery duels on the axes Kfarchima-Choueifat and Aitate-Souk El Gharb, extended to the residential areas. Four persons were killed and seven others wounded by shells that fell on the regions of Beit-Mery, Bsous, Ain Saadeh and their surroundings.
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March 1985
Monday, 11 March 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
The Israelis attacked Zrariyeh claiming tens of victims and huge destructions. Many persons were also arrested.
What the books addA survivor told Fisk an Israeli officer at Zrariyeh shot a Lebanese soldier who had surrendered. Tanks ran over occupied cars; gunmen, women and old men died; and the departing soldiers painted 'This is the revenge of the Israeli army' on the square.
Art and memory- book Souha Taraf-Najib devoted a study to Zrariyé, the village attacked in March 1985: Zrariyé, village chiite du Liban-Sud (Cahiers du Cermoc no. 4, 1992).
The Lebanese war · Added from the books
Samir Geagea is expelled from the Kataeb.
Samir Geagea was expelled from the Kataeb on 11 March for refusing the government's early-March order to dismantle the Barbara roadblock, manned by his northern militiamen; its tolls had been the Lebanese Forces' main income since Quay 5 was returned.
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Tuesday, 19 March 1985
The Lebanese war · 111101 entry in the original chronology
A second round of fights between the Lebanese Forces, the Army, and the local militias killed 7 persons and injured 30 others East of Saida.
What the books addOver 20,000 Sunnis fled Sidon after the 12 March revolt, as Lebanese Forces units east of the city, reinforced from the north, shelled its Muslim districts, Ain al-Hilweh camp and army posts near Mieh-Mieh. Nasserites, Palestinians and largely Sunni army units united against them (Hanf, Fisk).
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April 1985
dates 1–60 of 108 next
