Since 2005, 2005–2025 by year · by dates · timeline
Start from 2005 2011 January 2011 January 2011 From the books
Hariri's government collapses as Hezbollah's ministers resign. Hezbollah's ministers and their allies resigned, toppling the cabinet during the dispute over the UN tribunal's Hariri inquiry.
In the list of 2011 › Jan month
What the books say
Quéméner En janvier Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
The governing coalition collapsed after Hezbollah and its allies' ministers resigned.
Picard novembre 2009-juin 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Hariri's government lasted until June 2011.
February 2011 February-March 2011 From the books
Weekly demonstrations call for abolishing the sectarian system. Weekly marches against the sectarian system drew secular and leftist activists inspired by the Arab Spring; Lebanon, they said, had some twenty dictators, not one.
In the list of 2011 › Feb month
What the books say
Picard février-mars 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Picard: in February and March 2011 protesters demonstrated every week to demand an end to the sectarian system.
Picard Le Monde, 27 février 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Protesters said Lebanon had not one dictator but about twenty.
March 2011 March 2011 From the books
The Syrian uprising begins and immediately plays out in Lebanon. Lebanese took sides from the revolt's first month; dozens of young Lebanese and Palestinians crossed from Akkar and Hermel to join the rebels around Homs.
In the list of 2011 › Mar month
What the books say
Picard mars 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
In Picard's view, the Syrian conflict was being fought in Lebanon too from March 2011, the revolt's first month.
Picard Dès les premiers mois de 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
In early 2011 dozens of young Lebanese and Palestinians crossed from Akkar and Hermel into Syria to fight the regime.
June 2011 June 2011 From the books
Najib Mikati forms a government dominated by Hezbollah's allies. Hezbollah's allies took many cabinet seats; Picard calls it an '8 March' government.
In the list of 2011 › Jun month
What the books say
Quéméner En juin Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
Hezbollah's allies enter government in force.
Picard juin 2011-février 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Mikati's '8 March' government, June 2011-February 2014.
September 2011 September 2011 From the books
Maronite Patriarch Bechara Rai backs Bashar al-Assad. Patriarch Bechara Rai sided with Assad, fearing Islamists would win, though his community was hostile to the Syrian regime.
In the list of 2011 › Sep month
What the books say
Picard septembre 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard: Patriarch Rai sided with Assad in September 2011, fearing the uprising could bring Islamists to power.
Wednesday, 14 September 2011 From the books
Syrian and Lebanese intellectuals renew their 2006 declaration. Nine months into the Syrian uprising, the signatories reissued their 2006 appeal, 'For the sake of the Lebanese-Syrian future'.
In the list of 2011 › 14 Sep
What the books say
Picard 14 septembre 2011 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
On 14 September 2011 Lebanese and Syrian intellectuals and activists reissued their 2006 declaration (Picard, note 9).
2012 2012 From the books
Former minister Michel Samaha is arrested. Picard treats the arrest as evidence that Syrian-paid agents took part in the unrest after the 2005 withdrawal.
In the list of 2012 › 2012 year
What the books say
Picard 2012 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard: Michel Samaha's 2012 arrest proved Syrian intelligence's part in some post-2005 unrest and attacks.
February 2012 February 2012 From the books
Fighting in Tripoli between Bab al-Tabbaneh and Jabal Mohsen (February-December 2012). From February to December, Tripoli's pro-regime Alawite quarter of Jabal Mohsen and its Sunni quarter of Bab al-Tebbaneh, which backed the Syrian opposition, clashed.
In the list of 2012 › Feb month
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne Février-décembre 2012 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
From February to December 2012 the Sunni district of Bab al-Tabbaneh and Alawite Jabal Mohsen clashed in Tripoli.
June 2012 Monday, 11 June 2012 From the books
The Baabda Declaration commits Lebanon to 'dissociation' from regional conflicts. The declaration, agreed at President Sleiman's National Dialogue, pledged 'dissociation' from regional conflicts and border control, mainly towards Syria; Picard considers the promise empty from the outset.
In the list of 2012 › 11 Jun
What the books say
Picard 11 juin 2012 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
The Baabda Declaration (11 June 2012) committed its signatories to 'dissociation' and told the government to control the border.
October 2012 Friday, 19 October 2012 From the books
Intelligence chief Wissam al-Hassan is assassinated. Seven people died along with Wissam al-Hassan, head of ISF intelligence and an investigator of Hariri's assassination, in a Beirut car bombing.
In the list of 2012 › 19 Oct
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 19 octobre 2012 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Assassination of Wissam al-Hassan, ISF intelligence chief.
Quéméner 2012 Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
A Beirut car bomb in 2012 killed ISF intelligence chief Wissam al-Hassan, who had investigated Hariri's murder, and seven others.
Picard octobre 2012 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Colonel Wissam al-Hassan killed in October 2012.
2013 2013 From the books
Prime Minister Najib Mikati resigns. He resigned over a disagreement with Hezbollah.
In the list of 2013 › 2013 year
What the books say
Quéméner 2013 Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
In disagreement with Hezbollah, Mikati resigns.
Picard juin 2011-février 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Picard dates Mikati's government from June 2011 to February 2014.
April 2013 Thursday, 25 April 2013 From the books
The Interior Ministry registers Lebanon's first civil marriage contracted in the country. The civil marriage of Nidal Darwich and Khouloud Soukkarieh was signed off by Interior Minister Marwan Charbel.
In the list of 2013 › 25 Apr
What the books say
Quéméner 25 avril 2013 Quéméner 2017, ch. 5
Interior Minister Marwan Charbel signed the civil marriage contract of Nidal Darwich and Khouloud Soukkarieh, a Sunni-Shia couple his ministry presented on 25 April 2013 as Lebanon's first to marry civilly.
May 2013 May 2013 From the books
Qusayr falls to the Syrian army and Hezbollah. With over a thousand Hezbollah fighters from Hermel, who lost heavily, the Syrian army seized FSA- and Nusra-held Qusayr; the regime took Homs in July and Yabroud, chief town of the Qalamoun, early in 2014.
In the list of 2013 › May month
What the books say
Picard mai 2013 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Qusayr, which Picard calls a 'lock', was taken in May 2013 by the Syrian army with over a thousand Hezbollah fighters from Hermel; Homs followed in July, Yabroud early in 2014.
Picard 2013 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard: in 2013 Hezbollah units, until then guarding Shiite border villages and shrines near Damascus, took the offensive in Syria.
June 2013 Sunday, 23 June 2013 From the books
Army fights the followers of Sheikh Ahmad al-Assir at Abra, Sidon. At least 18 soldiers and several of al-Assir's followers died in two days of fighting at Abra, near Sidon, after the Salafist preacher's armed supporters attacked the army.
In the list of 2013 › 23 Jun
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 23 juin 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Clashes between the army and Ahmad al-Assir in Sidon.
de Clerck & Malsagne fin juin 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 465
Two days of army clashes with Ahmad al-Assir's gunmen at Abra killed at least 18 soldiers and several of his followers.
August 2013 Thursday, 15 August 2013 From the books
Car bomb in Beirut's southern suburb kills 27. The car bomb struck the southern suburb, a Hezbollah stronghold.
In the list of 2013 › 15 Aug
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 15 août 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Car bomb in Dahiyeh (27 dead).
Quéméner 15 août Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
On 15 August 2013 a car bomb killed 27 people in the southern suburbs of Beirut, where Hezbollah dominates.
de Clerck & Malsagne l'été 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 465
Attacks in the southern suburb in summer and November 2013.
Friday, 23 August 2013 From the books
Twin car bombs at two Tripoli mosques kill 40. Two car bombs exploded at two mosques in Tripoli.
In the list of 2013 › 23 Aug
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 23 août 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Double attack on mosques in Tripoli (40 dead).
de Clerck & Malsagne 23 août 2013 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 466
Double car bomb at two mosques in Tripoli, 40 dead.
November 2013 Tuesday, 19 November 2013 From the books
Double suicide attack on the Iranian embassy in Bir Hassan. The Iranian cultural attaché was among the dead. Responsibility was claimed by the Abdallah Azzam Brigades, an al-Qaeda-linked group that objected to Hezbollah fighting in Syria.
In the list of 2013 › 19 Nov
2014 2014 From the books
New rules restrict Syrian refugees' residence and work. Refugees, a quarter to a third of the population from 2014, neared 1.3 million a year later. Lebanon refused official camps; Syrians, once exempt, now needed an entry visa and a Lebanese sponsor (kafil), and most jobs were closed to them under 2014 decrees of the Tammam Salam government.
In the list of 2014 › 2014 year
What the books say
Picard 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Under 2014 decrees Syrians needed a visa and a Lebanese sponsor (kafil), and most occupations were reserved for Lebanese. Refugees, a quarter to a third of the population from 2014, neared 1.3 million in 2015.
Quéméner undated (book of 2017) Quéméner 2017, ch. 3
Quéméner: Syrian refugees needed a sponsor or a $200 residence permit, yet 70 per cent lived below the poverty line.
January 2014 January 2014 From the books
The Special Tribunal begins hearing witnesses. Hezbollah members and accomplices in the Syrian regime were implicated in the STL trial near The Hague, where Lebanese witnesses appeared for both sides.
In the list of 2014 › Jan month
What the books say
Picard à partir de janvier 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard: from January 2014 the STL, near The Hague, heard Lebanese witnesses in a case against Hezbollah members and alleged Syrian-regime accomplices.
Thursday, 2 January 2014 From the books
Double bombing in Haret Hreik kills nine. The attack struck the Shiite district of Haret Hreik in Beirut's southern suburb.
In the list of 2014 › 2 Jan
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 2 janvier 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Double attack in Haret Hreik (9 dead).
Thursday, 16 January 2014 From the books
Suicide bombing in Hermel. The suicide attack hit the town of Hermel in the northern Bekaa.
In the list of 2014 › 16 Jan
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 16 janvier 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Suicide attack in Hermel.
Tuesday, 21 January 2014 From the books
Suicide bombing in Haret Hreik. A further suicide attack hit Haret Hreik in the southern suburb.
In the list of 2014 › 21 Jan
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 21 janvier 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Suicide attack in Haret Hreik.
February 2014 February 2014 From the books
Tammam Salam forms a 'national unity' government. Picard: the Salam cabinet rejected any asylum policy, and Lebanon refused official camps for Syrian refugees.
In the list of 2014 › Feb month
What the books say
Picard février 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
The national unity government led by Tammam Salam since February 2014.
Monday, 3 February 2014 From the books
Suicide bombing in Choueifat. A suicide bomber struck at Choueifat, south of Beirut.
In the list of 2014 › 3 Feb
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 3 février 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Suicide attack in Choueifat.
Wednesday, 19 February 2014 From the books
Bombing at the Iranian cultural centre in Haret Hreik kills six. The bomb targeted the Iranian cultural centre in Haret Hreik.
In the list of 2014 › 19 Feb
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 19 février 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Attack on the Iranian cultural centre in Haret Hreik (6 dead).
de Clerck & Malsagne janvier-mars 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 466
Nine attacks struck Haret Hreik, Hermel and the Bekaa between January and March 2014 (three in January, four in February, two in March), killing 34 people.
March 2014 March-September 2014 From the books
Repeated suicide attacks on Hezbollah areas in the southern suburb and the Bekaa. Many suicide bombings between March and September 2014 were aimed at Hezbollah targets in Dahiyeh and the Bekaa.
In the list of 2014 › Mar month
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne Mars-septembre 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Many suicide attacks in Dahiyeh and the Bekaa against Hezbollah interests.
de Clerck & Malsagne mars 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 466
Two attacks in March 2014.
April 2014 spring 2014 From the books
A curfew for Syrians is posted in Bourj Hammoud. After a brawl between young Lebanese and Syrian immigrants, the municipality of largely Armenian Bourj Hammoud posted notices barring foreigners and Syrians from its streets from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.
In the list of 2014 › Apr month
What the books say
Quéméner Au printemps 2014 Quéméner 2017, ch. 3
In spring 2014 municipal posters in Bourj Hammoud told foreigners and Syrians they could not be out between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m.
May 2014 May 2014 From the books
Michel Suleiman's term ends; a second presidential vacancy begins. No head of state would be elected for twenty-nine months.
In the list of 2014 › May month
What the books say
Picard depuis mai 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
The executive has had no head of state since May 2014.
Picard depuis mai 2014 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Presidential vacuum since May 2014.
Quéméner 2016 Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
Quéméner: the presidency stayed vacant over two years, twenty-nine months in all, until consensus settled on Michel Aoun.
August 2014 Friday, 15 August 2014 From the books
Ahmad al-Assir is captured. De Clerck and Malsagne's chronology records the arrest of Ahmad al-Assir, the Salafist preacher whose followers fought the army at Abra in June 2013.
In the list of 2014 › 15 Aug
What the books say
de Clerck & Malsagne 15 août 2014 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Capture and arrest of Ahmad al-Assir.
2015 January 2015 Sunday, 18 January 2015 From the books
Israeli strike near Quneitra kills Hezbollah fighters, including Jihad Mughniyeh. An Israeli helicopter strike near Quneitra, on the Syrian-held Golan, killed six Hezbollah men, including local military chief Jihad Mughniyeh, and Iranian military personnel; Hezbollah hit back at an Israeli convoy in the Shebaa enclave.
In the list of 2015 › 18 Jan
What the books say
Quéméner 18 janvier Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
Israeli strike near Quneitra kills six Hezbollah members including Jihad Mughniyeh.
Picard 18 janvier 2015 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard (note 22): Hezbollah struck an Israeli convoy in the Shebaa enclave after an Israeli helicopter's rocket killed several of its fighters and Iranian soldiers near Quneitra.
Friday, 30 January 2015 From the books
Nasrallah declares that Hezbollah no longer recognises separate battlefields. Nasrallah said Hezbollah reserved the right to confront the aggressor whenever, wherever and by whatever means it chose.
In the list of 2015 › 30 Jan
What the books say
Picard 30 janvier 2015 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Nasrallah: 'we no longer recognise the separation of battlefields'.
May 2015 Sunday, 24 May 2015 From the books
On the anniversary of Israel's 2000 withdrawal, Nasrallah says Hezbollah will fight wherever needed in Syria. Nasrallah said Hezbollah would be wherever in Syria the battle required, speaking on the fifteenth anniversary of Israel's withdrawal from the South.
In the list of 2015 › 24 May
What the books say
Picard 24 mai 2015 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard (note 21): in Beirut on 24 May 2015, fifteen years after Israel's withdrawal, Nasrallah promised that Hezbollah would be present anywhere in Syria the fight required it.
July 2015 summer 2015 From the books
The heights between Qaa and Ras Baalbek become a front of the Syrian war. Pushed out of the Qalamoun, groups claiming al-Nusra, FSA or, later, Islamic State allegiance used Sunni villages of the eastern Bekaa as rear bases.
In the list of 2015 › Jul month
What the books say
Picard Dans l'été 2015 Picard 2016, ch. VII (L'imbroglio des marges)
Picard places one of the main fronts of the war for Syria in summer 2015 in the jurd, the heights above the Bekaa villages between Ras Baalbek and Qaa.
Friday, 17 July 2015 From the books
Rubbish collection stops in Beirut: the garbage crisis begins. Sukleen's collection contract expired on 17 July and the post-war dump, meant to last five or six years, was overflowing; with politicians unable to agree on a new site, rubbish piled up.
In the list of 2015 › 17 Jul
What the books say
Quéméner Depuis le 17 juillet Quéméner 2017, ch. 5
Quéméner: Sukleen's contract with the state ended on 17 July 2015; with the old landfill full, rubbish piled up.
Picard l'automne 2015 Picard 2016, ch. VI (Le différentiel démocratique)
Protesters against the disastrous waste management by 'stinking' authorities, autumn 2015.
Confluences entre 2015 et 2018 Confluences 2020, Roula Abi Habib Khoury & Dima de Clerck, 'Liban, trente ans après la fin des hostilités en 1990 : la guerre dans le rétroviseur ?'
From 2015 to 2018 civil-society groups protested over the handling of rubbish and plans to install incinerators.
August 2015 Saturday, 22 August 2015 From the books
'You Stink' protests fill central Beirut (22-23 August). Protests called by the citizens' collective 'You Stink' denounced government incompetence; clashes between more than ten thousand people and police left dozens injured. Reder says the movement helped bring about the Beirut Madinati list.
In the list of 2015 › 22 Aug
What the books say
Quéméner Le 22 et le 23 août Quéméner 2017, ch. 5
The 'You Stink' collective rallied Beirut residents for street protests on 22 and 23 August, which met with some police violence.
Quéméner En août Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
In August 2015 over 10,000 protesters answering the new 'You Stink' collective clashed with police; dozens were hurt.
Confluences 2015 Confluences 2020, Emeraude Reder, 'Désinvestir la mémoire : le cas d'étude du musée Beit Beirut'
'You Stink', born of the 2015 rubbish crisis, helped give rise to Beirut Madinati, a civil-society list in the 2016 municipal elections.
November 2015 Thursday, 12 November 2015 From the books
Double suicide bombing in Burj al-Barajneh, the deadliest since the civil war. Two suicide bombers struck in quick succession beside a community centre and a bakery in Burj al-Barajneh, in the Shi'i southern suburb; the Islamic State claimed responsibility. Parliament had sat that day for the first time in months.
In the list of 2015 › 12 Nov
The books disagree
Dead: 43 in de Clerck and Malsagne's chronology, 44 in their epilogue and Quéméner's calendar, 50 in his narrative, which also places the attack in 'Dbaiyeh', evidently a slip, since the calendar says Burj al-Barajneh.
de Clerck & Malsagne 12 novembre 2015 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 578
Double attack in Burj al-Barajneh (43 dead).
de Clerck & Malsagne 12 novembre 2015 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 466
Double suicide attack in Burj al-Barajneh (44 dead).
Quéméner 12 novembre Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
Claimed by Daesh, the bombing killed at least 44, Lebanon's deadliest attack since the civil war ended.
Quéméner 12 novembre 2015 Quéméner 2017, ch. 7
Narrative of the attack (motorbike, community centre, bakery, second bomber); the same day MPs met in parliament.
2016 March 2016 Saturday, 19 March 2016 From the books
Beirut's rubbish is finally collected and taken to new landfills. Quéméner notes that one of the two new landfills had been sited too near Beirut's international airport.
In the list of 2016 › 19 Mar
What the books say
Quéméner 19 mars Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
On 19 March 2016 the rubbish fouling Beirut was at last carted off to purpose-made dumps.
Quéméner Au bout de longs mois Quéméner 2017, ch. 5
Quéméner: after long months, Beirut's waste went to the old landfill and two new dumps, one too near the airport.
April 2016 April 2016 From the books
Refugee pressure: the labour minister asks for help; Hollande pledges aid. In April 2016 Labour Minister Sejaan Azzi, citing 25 per cent unemployment and 1.5 million Syrians, asked the US ambassador to take the refugee burden off Lebanon. Visiting Beirut that month, François Hollande announced 50 million euros a year in refugee aid for 2016-2018.
In the list of 2016 › Apr month
What the books say
Quéméner En avril 2016 Quéméner 2017, ch. 3
In April 2016 Labour Minister Sejaan Azzi put unemployment at 25 per cent and the number of Syrians at 1.5 million.
Quéméner avril 2016 Quéméner 2017, ch. 8
During his April 2016 visit to Beirut, Hollande pledged €50 million a year for 2016-2018 to help Syrian refugees.
May 2016 Sunday, 8 May 2016 From the books
Beirut municipal elections: Hariri's list beats the civil-society list Beirut Madinati. Saad Hariri's list won Beirut's council over Beirut Madinati ('Beirut, my city'), a civil-society slate that proposed deliberative urban planning and fielded engineers, architects, artists and researchers; Reder links it to the 2015 'You Stink' protests. Some 80 per cent of voters abstained.
Art and memory artwork A 111101 project presents the 2016 Beirut municipal vote interactively, from the results and the electoral rolls (/Projects/Municipalities/results-beirut.php and voters-beirut.php).In the list of 2016 › 8 May
What the books say
Quéméner 8 mai Quéméner 2017, calendar (appendix)
Quéméner: Saad Hariri's slate took Beirut's municipal council on 8 May 2016, defeating the civil-society list 'Beyrouth Madinati'.
Quéméner en mai 2016 Quéméner 2017, ch. 5
Quéméner: Beirut Madinati failed to get voters out in May 2016; abstention in Beirut reached 80 per cent.
Confluences élections municipales de 2016 Confluences 2020, Emeraude Reder, 'Désinvestir la mémoire : le cas d'étude du musée Beit Beirut'
Reder links Beirut Madinati, the civil-society list in the 2016 municipal elections, to the 2015 'You Stink' movement; its members were engineers, architects, artists and researchers, among them Mona El-Hallak, and it proposed deliberative urban planning.
July 2016 summer 2016 From the books
Beit Beirut, the memory museum in the Barakat building, is inaugurated but stays closed. The municipality inaugurated Beit Beirut, the old snipers' building on the demarcation line, but kept it shut; its 2008-2016 restoration saw repeated quarrels among the municipality, architect and scientific committee. Paris's mayor visited in September.
Art and memory memorial Beit Beirut, the old Barakat building on the demarcation line, was the municipality's planned museum of the city's memory. Reder finds that in 2016-2019 artists and NGOs, not the municipality, kept it alive.In the list of 2016 › Jul month
What the books say
Confluences inauguré en 2016; été 2016 Confluences 2020, Emeraude Reder, 'Désinvestir la mémoire : le cas d'étude du musée Beit Beirut'
Beirut municipality inaugurated Beit Beirut in 2016, after rehabilitation begun in 2008, but has opened it only occasionally; that summer's press coverage was critical, and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo made an official visit in September.
de Clerck & Malsagne à partir de 2003 de Clerck & Malsagne 2025, p. 435
Beirut's municipality decided to turn the Barakat building, a sniper post on the demarcation line, into the Beit Beirut museum, a conversion under way from 2003.
Load more End of the chronology.
